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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized-docs/edit/master/docs/i_u_m/i_u_m_install.de.md" title="Seite editieren" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z"/></svg>
</a>
<h1>Installation</h1>
<p>Sie benötigen Docker (eine Version &gt;= <code>20.10.2</code> ist erforderlich) und Docker Compose (eine Version <code>&lt;= 2.0</code> ist erforderlich).</p>
<p><strong>1.</strong> Erfahren Sie, wie Sie <a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">Docker</a> und <a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/">Docker Compose</a> installieren.</p>
<p>Schnelle Installation fĂŒr die meisten Betriebssysteme:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Docker
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | CHANNEL=stable sh
# Nachdem der Installationsprozess abgeschlossen ist, mĂŒssen Sie eventuell den Dienst aktivieren und sicherstellen, dass er gestartet ist (z. B. CentOS 7)
systemctl enable --now docker
</code></pre></div></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Docker-Compose</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p><strong>mailcow benötigt die neueste Version von docker-compose v1.</strong> Es wird dringend empfohlen, die untenstehenden Befehle zu verwenden, um <code>docker-compose</code> zu installieren. Paket-Manager (z.B. <code>apt</code>, <code>yum</code>) werden <strong>wahrscheinlich</strong> nicht die richtige Version liefern.
Hinweis: Dieser Befehl lĂ€dt docker-compose aus dem offiziellen Docker-Github-Repository herunter und ist eine sichere Methode. Das Snippet ermittelt die neueste unterstĂŒtzte Version von mailcow. In fast allen FĂ€llen ist dies die letzte verfĂŒgbare Version (Ausnahmen sind kaputte Versionen oder grĂ¶ĂŸere Änderungen, die noch nicht von mailcow unterstĂŒtzt werden).</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/$(curl -Ls https://www.servercow.de/docker-compose/latest.php)/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) &gt; /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
</code></pre></div>
<p>Bitte verwenden Sie die neueste verfĂŒgbare Docker-Engine und nicht die Engine, die mit Ihrem Distros-Repository ausgeliefert wird.</p>
<p><strong>1.1.1.</strong> Auf SELinux-aktivierten Systemen, z.B. CentOS 7:</p>
<ul>
<li>PrĂŒfen Sie, ob das Paket "container-selinux" auf Ihrem System vorhanden ist:</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>rpm -qa | grep container-selinux
</code></pre></div>
<p>Wenn der obige Befehl eine leere oder keine Ausgabe liefert, sollten Sie es ĂŒber Ihren Paketmanager installieren.</p>
<ul>
<li>PrĂŒfen Sie, ob Docker SELinux-UnterstĂŒtzung aktiviert hat:</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker info | grep selinux
</code></pre></div>
<p>Wenn der obige Befehl eine leere oder keine Ausgabe liefert, erstellen oder bearbeiten Sie <code>/etc/docker/daemon.json</code> und fĂŒgen Sie <code>"selinux-enabled": true</code> hinzu. Beispielhafter Inhalt der Datei:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>{
&quot;selinux-enabled&quot;: true
}
</code></pre></div>
<p>Starten Sie den Docker-Daemon neu und ĂŒberprĂŒfen Sie, ob SELinux nun aktiviert ist.</p>
<p>Dieser Schritt ist erforderlich, um sicherzustellen, dass die mailcows-Volumes richtig gekennzeichnet sind, wie in der Compose-Datei angegeben.
Wenn Sie daran interessiert sind, wie das funktioniert, können Sie sich die Readme-Datei von <a href="https://github.com/containers/container-selinux">https://github.com/containers/container-selinux</a> ansehen, die auf viele nĂŒtzliche Informationen zu diesem Thema verweist.</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> Klonen Sie den Master-Zweig des Repositorys und stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihre umask gleich 0022 ist. Bitte klonen Sie das Repository als root-Benutzer und kontrollieren Sie auch den Stack als root. Wir werden die Attribute - wenn nötig - Ă€ndern, wĂ€hrend wir die Container automatisch bereitstellen und sicherstellen, dass alles gesichert ist. Das update.sh-Skript muss daher ebenfalls als root ausgefĂŒhrt werden. Es kann notwendig sein, den Besitzer und andere Attribute von Dateien zu Ă€ndern, auf die Sie sonst keinen Zugriff haben. <strong>Wir geben die Berechtigungen fĂŒr jede exponierte Anwendung</strong> auf und fĂŒhren einen exponierten Dienst nicht als root aus! Wenn Sie den Docker-Daemon als Nicht-Root-Benutzer steuern, erhalten Sie keine zusĂ€tzliche Sicherheit. Der unprivilegierte Benutzer wird die Container ebenfalls als root spawnen. Das Verhalten des Stacks ist identisch.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$ su
# umask
0022 # &lt;- ÜberprĂŒfen, dass es 0022 ist
# cd /opt
# git clone https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized
# cd mailcow-dockerized
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>3.</strong> Erzeugen Sie eine Konfigurationsdatei. Verwenden Sie einen FQDN (<code>host.domain.tld</code>) als Hostname, wenn Sie gefragt werden.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>./generate_config.sh
</code></pre></div></p>
<p><strong>4.</strong> Ändern Sie die Konfiguration, wenn Sie das wollen oder mĂŒssen.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>nano mailcow.conf
</code></pre></div>
Wenn Sie planen, einen Reverse Proxy zu verwenden, können Sie zum Beispiel HTTPS an 127.0.0.1 auf Port 8443 und HTTP an 127.0.0.1 auf Port 8080 binden.</p>
<p>Möglicherweise mĂŒssen Sie einen vorinstallierten MTA stoppen, der Port 25/tcp blockiert. Siehe <a href="../../post_installation/firststeps-local_mta/">dieses Kapitel</a>, um zu erfahren, wie man Postfix rekonfiguriert, um nach einer erfolgreichen Installation neben mailcow laufen zu lassen.</p>
<p>Einige Updates modifizieren mailcow.conf und fĂŒgen neue Parameter hinzu. Es ist schwer, in der Dokumentation den Überblick zu behalten. Bitte ĂŒberprĂŒfen Sie deren Beschreibung und fragen Sie, wenn Sie unsicher sind, in den bekannten KanĂ€len nach Rat.</p>
<p><strong>4.1.</strong> Benutzer mit einer MTU ungleich 1500 (z.B. OpenStack):</p>
<p><strong>Wenn Sie auf Probleme und seltsame PhĂ€nomene stoßen, ĂŒberprĂŒfen Sie bitte Ihre MTU.</strong></p>
<p>Bearbeiten Sie <code>docker-compose.yml</code> und Àndern Sie die Netzwerkeinstellungen entsprechend Ihrer MTU.
FĂŒgen Sie den neuen Parameter driver_opts wie folgt hinzu:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>networks:
mailcow-network:
...
driver_opts:
com.docker.network.driver.mtu: 1450
...
</code></pre></div></p>
<p><strong>4.2.</strong> Benutzer ohne ein IPv6-aktiviertes Netzwerk auf ihrem Hostsystem:</p>
<p><strong>Einschalten von IPv6. Endlich.</strong></p>
<p>Wenn Sie kein IPv6-fĂ€higes Netzwerk auf Ihrem Host haben und Sie sich nicht um ein besseres Internet kĂŒmmern (hehe), ist es empfehlenswert, IPv6 fĂŒr das mailcow-Netzwerk zu <a href="../../post_installation/firststeps-disable_ipv6/">deaktivieren</a>, um unvorhergesehene Probleme zu vermeiden.</p>
<p><strong>5.</strong> LAden Sie die Images herunter und fĂŒhren Sie die Compose-Datei aus. Der Parameter <code>-d</code> wird mailcow: dockerized starten:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose pull
docker-compose up -d
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Geschafft!</p>
<p>Sie können nun auf <strong>https://${MAILCOW_HOSTNAME}</strong> mit den Standard-Zugangsdaten <code>admin</code> + Passwort <code>moohoo</code> zugreifen.</p>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">Info</p>
<p>Wenn Sie mailcow nicht hinter einem Reverse Proxy verwenden, sollten Sie <a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-80_to_443/">alle HTTP-Anfragen auf HTTPS umleiten</a>.</p>
</div>
<p>Die Datenbank wird sofort initialisiert, nachdem eine Verbindung zu MySQL hergestellt werden kann.</p>
<p>Ihre Daten bleiben in mehreren Docker-Volumes erhalten, die nicht gelöscht werden, wenn Sie Container neu erstellen oder löschen. FĂŒhren Sie <code>docker volume ls</code> aus, um eine Liste aller Volumes zu sehen. Sie können <code>docker-compose down</code> sicher ausfĂŒhren, ohne persistente Daten zu entfernen.</p>
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