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Vorbereiten
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Backup und Aktualisierung des Cold-Standby
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<a href="#automatisierte-backups-mit-cron" class="md-nav__link">
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Mail-Verzeichnis
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Versehentlich gelöschte Daten wiederherstellen
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Konfiguration
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-css/" class="md-nav__link">
CSS-Überschreibungen
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-netfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
Netfilter
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-pushover/" class="md-nav__link">
Pushover
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
Spamfilter
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-sub_addressing/" class="md-nav__link">
Sub-Adressierung
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tags/" class="md-nav__link">
Tags (fĂŒr Domains und Mailboxen)
</a>
</li>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamalias/" class="md-nav__link">
TemporÀre E-Mail-Aliase
</a>
</li>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tfa/" class="md-nav__link">
Zwei-Faktoren-Authentifizierung
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-fido/" class="md-nav__link">
WebAuthn / FIDO2
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VertrauenswĂŒrdige Netzwerke hinzufĂŒgen
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Benutzerdefinierte Transportmaps
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-extra_cf/" class="md-nav__link">
main.cf anpassen/erweitern
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ÜberprĂŒfung der Absenderadressen deaktivieren
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-attachment_size/" class="md-nav__link">
Maximale NachrichtengrĂ¶ĂŸe (GrĂ¶ĂŸe des Anhangs)
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-relayhost/" class="md-nav__link">
Relayhosts
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-pflogsumm/" class="md-nav__link">
Statistik mit pflogsumm
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-postscreen_whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
IP in Postscreen auf die Whitelist setzen
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Aktivierung von "any" ACL-Einstellungen
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Löschen der Mails eines Benutzers
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FTS (Solr)
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IMAP IDLE-Intervall
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Mail crypt
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Weitere Beispiele mit DOVEADM
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Maildir verschieben (vmail)
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-public_folder/" class="md-nav__link">
Öffentliche Ordner
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Statischer Hauptbenutzer
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-catchall_vacation/" class="md-nav__link">
Urlaubsantworten fĂŒr Catchall-Adressen
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Nginx
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SubdomÀne webmail.example.org erstellen
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Rspamd
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Whitelist
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Weitere Datenbanken
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TLS 1.0 und TLS 1.1 wieder aktivieren
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Mailman 3
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Mailpiler Integration
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Nextcloud
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Portainer
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Vorbereiten
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Backup und Aktualisierung des Cold-Standby
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<a href="#automatisierte-backups-mit-cron" class="md-nav__link">
Automatisierte Backups mit cron
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</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized-docs/edit/master/docs/backup_restore/b_n_r-coldstandby.de.md" title="Seite editieren" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25Z"/></svg>
</a>
<h1 id="cold-standby-backup">Cold-standby-Backup<a class="headerlink" href="#cold-standby-backup" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>mailcow bietet eine einfache Möglichkeit, eine konsistente Kopie von sich selbst zu erstellen, die per rsync an einen entfernten Ort ohne Ausfallzeit ĂŒbertragen werden kann.</p>
<p>Dies kann auch verwendet werden, um Ihre mailcow auf einen neuen Server zu ĂŒbertragen.</p>
<h2 id="das-sollten-sie-wissen">Das sollten Sie wissen<a class="headerlink" href="#das-sollten-sie-wissen" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Das bereitgestellte Skript funktioniert auf Standardinstallationen.</p>
<p>Es kann versagen, wenn Sie nicht unterstĂŒtzte Volume Overrides verwenden. Wir unterstĂŒtzen das nicht und wir werden keine Hacks einbauen, die das unterstĂŒtzen. Bitte erstellen und pflegen Sie einen Fork, wenn Sie Ihre Änderungen beibehalten wollen.</p>
<p>Das Skript wird <strong>die gleichen Pfade</strong> wie Ihre Standard-Mailcow-Installation verwenden. Das ist das mailcow-Basisverzeichnis - fĂŒr die meisten Nutzer <code>/opt/mailcow-dockerized</code> - sowie die Mountpoints.</p>
<p>Um die Pfade Ihrer Quellvolumes zu finden, verwenden wir <code>docker inspect</code> und lesen das Zielverzeichnis jedes Volumes, das mit Ihrem mailcow compose Projekt verbunden ist. Das bedeutet, dass wir auch Volumes ĂŒbertragen, die Sie in einer Override-Datei hinzugefĂŒgt haben. Lokale Bind-Mounts können funktionieren, mĂŒssen aber nicht.</p>
<p>Das Skript verwendet rsync mit dem <code>--delete</code> Flag. Das Ziel wird eine exakte Kopie der Quelle sein.</p>
<p><code>mariabackup</code> wird verwendet, um eine konsistente Kopie des SQL-Datenverzeichnisses zu erstellen.</p>
<p>Nach dem Rsync der Daten fĂŒhren wir <code>docker compose pull</code> aus und entfernen alte Image-Tags aus dem Ziel.</p>
<p>Ihre Quelle wird zu keinem Zeitpunkt verÀndert.</p>
<p><strong>Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass Sie die gleiche <code>/etc/docker/daemon.json</code> auf dem entfernten Ziel verwenden.</strong></p>
<p>Sie sollten keine Festplatten-Snapshots (z. B. ĂŒber ZFS, LVM usw.) auf dem Ziel ausfĂŒhren, wĂ€hrend dieses Skript ausgefĂŒhrt wird.</p>
<p>Die Versionierung ist nicht Teil dieses Skripts, wir verlassen uns auf das Ziel (Snapshots oder Backups). Sie können dafĂŒr auch jedes andere Tool verwenden.</p>
<h2 id="vorbereiten">Vorbereiten<a class="headerlink" href="#vorbereiten" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Sie benötigen ein SSH-fĂ€higes Ziel und eine SchlĂŒsseldatei, um sich mit diesem Ziel zu verbinden. Der SchlĂŒssel sollte nicht durch ein Passwort geschĂŒtzt sein, damit das Skript unbeaufsichtigt arbeiten kann.</p>
<p>In Ihrem mailcow-Basisverzeichnis, z.B. <code>/opt/mailcow-dockerized</code>, finden Sie eine Datei <code>create_cold_standby.sh</code>.</p>
<p>Bearbeiten Sie diese Datei und Àndern Sie die exportierten Variablen:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>export REMOTE_SSH_KEY=/pfad/zum/keyfile
export REMOTE_SSH_PORT=22
export REMOTE_SSH_HOST=mailcow-backup.host.name
</code></pre></div>
<p>Der SchlĂŒssel muss im Besitz von root sein und darf nur von diesem gelesen werden können.</p>
<p>Sowohl die Quelle als auch das Ziel benötigen <code>rsync</code> &gt;= v3.1.0.
Das Ziel muss ĂŒber Docker und docker compose <strong>v2</strong> verfĂŒgen.</p>
<p>Das Skript wird Fehler automatisch erkennen und sich beenden.</p>
<p>Sie können die Verbindung testen, indem Sie <code>ssh mailcow-backup.host.name -p22 -i /path/to/keyfile</code> ausfĂŒhren.</p>
<h2 id="backup-und-aktualisierung-des-cold-standby">Backup und Aktualisierung des Cold-Standby<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-und-aktualisierung-des-cold-standby" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Starten Sie das erste Backup, dies kann je nach Verbindung eine Weile dauern:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh
</code></pre></div>
<p>Das war einfach, nicht wahr?</p>
<p>Das Aktualisieren des Cold-Standby ist genauso einfach:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh
</code></pre></div>
<p>Es ist derselbe Befehl.</p>
<h2 id="automatisierte-backups-mit-cron">Automatisierte Backups mit cron<a class="headerlink" href="#automatisierte-backups-mit-cron" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Stellen Sie zunÀchst sicher, dass der <code>cron</code> Dienst aktiviert ist und lÀuft:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>systemctl enable cron.service &amp;&amp; systemctl start cron.service
</code></pre></div>
<p>Um die Backups auf dem Cold-Standby-Server zu automatisieren, können Sie einen Cron-Job verwenden. Um die Cron-Jobs fĂŒr den Root-Benutzer zu bearbeiten, fĂŒhren Sie aus:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>crontab -e
</code></pre></div>
<p>FĂŒgen Sie die folgenden Zeilen hinzu, um den Cold-Standby-Server tĂ€glich um 03:00 Uhr zu synchronisieren. In diesem Beispiel werden Fehler der letzten AusfĂŒhrung in einer Datei protokolliert.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
0 3 * * * bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh 2&gt; /var/log/mailcow-coldstandby-sync.log
</code></pre></div>
<p>Wenn korrekt gespeichert, sollte der Cron-Job durch folgende Eingabe angezeigt werden:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>crontab -l
</code></pre></div>
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<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-iso_datetime">2022-08-31 14:45:46</span>
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