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<a href="#backup-strategie-mit-rsync-und-mailcow-backup-skript" class="md-nav__link">
Backup-Strategie mit rsync und mailcow Backup-Skript
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-restore/" class="md-nav__link">
Wiederherstellung
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-coldstandby/" class="md-nav__link">
Cold-standby (rollende Sicherung)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_7_3" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7_3">
Manuelle Sicherung
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Manuelle Sicherung" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Manuelle Sicherung
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-backup_restore-maildir/" class="md-nav__link">
Mail-Verzeichnis
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-backup_restore-mysql/" class="md-nav__link">
MySQL (mysqldump)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_7_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7_4">
Interne mailcow Sicherungen
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Interne mailcow Sicherungen" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7_4">
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Interne mailcow Sicherungen
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-accidental_deletion/" class="md-nav__link">
Versehentlich gelöschte Daten wiederherstellen
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</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_1" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_1" >
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mailcow UI
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="mailcow UI" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_1">
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-bl_wl/" class="md-nav__link">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-config/" class="md-nav__link">
Konfiguration
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-css/" class="md-nav__link">
CSS-Überschreibungen
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-netfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
Netfilter
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-pushover/" class="md-nav__link">
Pushover
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
Spamfilter
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-sub_addressing/" class="md-nav__link">
Sub-Adressierung
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tags/" class="md-nav__link">
Tags (fĂŒr Domains und Mailboxen)
</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamalias/" class="md-nav__link">
TemporÀre E-Mail-Aliase
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tfa/" class="md-nav__link">
Zwei-Faktoren-Authentifizierung
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-fido/" class="md-nav__link">
WebAuthn / FIDO2
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VertrauenswĂŒrdige Netzwerke hinzufĂŒgen
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Benutzerdefinierte Transportmaps
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-extra_cf/" class="md-nav__link">
main.cf anpassen/erweitern
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ÜberprĂŒfung der Absenderadressen deaktivieren
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-attachment_size/" class="md-nav__link">
Maximale NachrichtengrĂ¶ĂŸe (GrĂ¶ĂŸe des Anhangs)
</a>
</li>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-relayhost/" class="md-nav__link">
Relayhosts
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-pflogsumm/" class="md-nav__link">
Statistik mit pflogsumm
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-postscreen_whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
IP in Postscreen auf die Whitelist setzen
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Unbound
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Anpassen/Erweitern von dovecot.conf
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-any_acl/" class="md-nav__link">
Aktivierung von "any" ACL-Einstellungen
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Löschen der Mails eines Benutzers
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FTS (Solr)
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IMAP IDLE-Intervall
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-mail-crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
Mail crypt
</a>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-more/" class="md-nav__link">
Weitere Beispiele mit DOVEADM
</a>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-vmail-volume/" class="md-nav__link">
Maildir verschieben (vmail)
</a>
</li>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-public_folder/" class="md-nav__link">
Öffentliche Ordner
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</li>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-static_master/" class="md-nav__link">
Statischer Hauptbenutzer
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-catchall_vacation/" class="md-nav__link">
Urlaubsantworten fĂŒr Catchall-Adressen
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</li>
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</li>
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Nginx
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Nginx
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_webmail-site/" class="md-nav__link">
SubdomÀne webmail.example.org erstellen
</a>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_custom/" class="md-nav__link">
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Watchdog
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Watchdog/u_e-watchdog-thresholds/" class="md-nav__link">
Thresholds
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Redis
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Rspamd
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ClamAV
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ClamAV
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<a href="../../manual-guides/ClamAV/u_e-clamav-whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
Whitelist
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Weitere Datenbanken
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Docker
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Autodiscover / Autoconfig
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HTTP auf HTTPS umleiten
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<a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-reeanble-weak-protocols/" class="md-nav__link">
TLS 1.0 und TLS 1.1 wieder aktivieren
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<a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-update-hooks/" class="md-nav__link">
Skripte vor und nach Aktualisierungen ausfĂŒhren
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eM Client
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KDE Kontact
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Anwendungen von Drittanbietern
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Mailpiler Integration
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Nextcloud
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Portainer
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</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized-docs/edit/master/docs/backup_restore/b_n_r-backup.de.md" title="Seite editieren" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25Z"/></svg>
</a>
<h3 id="sicherung">Sicherung<a class="headerlink" href="#sicherung" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<h4 id="anleitung">Anleitung<a class="headerlink" href="#anleitung" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>Sie können das mitgelieferte Skript <code>helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh</code> verwenden, um mailcow automatisch zu sichern.</p>
<p>Bitte kopieren Sie dieses Skript nicht an einen anderen Ort.</p>
<p>Um ein Backup zu starten, geben Sie "backup" als ersten Parameter an und entweder eine oder mehrere zu sichernde Komponenten als folgende Parameter.
Sie können auch "all" als zweiten Parameter verwenden, um alle Komponenten zu sichern. FĂŒgen Sie <code>--delete-days n</code> an, um Sicherungen zu löschen, die Ă€lter als n Tage sind.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># Syntax:
# ./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup (vmail|crypt|redis|rspamd|postfix|mysql|all|--delete-days)
# Alles sichern, Sicherungen Àlter als 3 Tage löschen
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup all --delete-days 3
# vmail-, crypt- und mysql-Daten sichern, Sicherungen löschen, die Àlter als 30 Tage sind
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup vmail crypt mysql --delete-days 30
# vmail sichern
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup vmail
</code></pre></div>
<p>Das Skript wird Sie nach einem Speicherort fĂŒr die Sicherung fragen. Innerhalb dieses Speicherortes wird es Ordner im Format "mailcow_DATE" erstellen.
Sie sollten diese Ordner nicht umbenennen, um den Wiederherstellungsprozess nicht zu stören.</p>
<p>Um ein Backup unbeaufsichtigt durchzufĂŒhren, definieren Sie MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION als Umgebungsvariable, bevor Sie das Skript starten:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=/opt/backup /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup all
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="cronjob">Cronjob<a class="headerlink" href="#cronjob" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>Sie können das Backup-Skript regelmĂ€ĂŸig ĂŒber einen Cronjob laufen lassen. Stellen Sie sicher, dass <code>BACKUP_LOCATION</code> existiert:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
5 4 * * * cd /opt/mailcow-dockerized/; MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=/mnt/mailcow_backups /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup mysql crypt redis --delete-days 3
</code></pre></div>
<p>StandardmĂ€ĂŸig sendet Cron das komplette Ergebnis jeder Backup-Operation per E-Mail. Wenn Sie möchten, dass cron nur im Fehlerfall (Exit-Code ungleich Null) eine E-Mail sendet, können Sie den folgenden Ausschnitt verwenden. Die Pfade mĂŒssen entsprechend Ihrer Einrichtung angepasst werden (dieses Skript ist ein Beitrag eines Benutzers).</p>
<p>Das folgende Skript kann in <code>/etc/cron.daily/mailcow-backup</code> platziert werden - vergessen Sie nicht, es mit <code>chmod +x</code> als ausfĂŒhrbar zu markieren:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>#!/bin/sh
# Backup mailcow data
# https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/b_n_r_backup/
set -e
OUT=&quot;$(mktemp)&quot;
export MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=&quot;/opt/backup&quot;
SCRIPT=&quot;/opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh&quot;
PARAMETERS=&quot;backup all&quot;
OPTIONS=&quot;--delete-days 30&quot;
# run command
set +e
&quot;${SCRIPT}&quot; ${PARAMETERS} ${OPTIONS} 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt; &quot;$OUT&quot;
RESULT=$?
if [ $RESULT -ne 0 ]
then
echo &quot;${SCRIPT} ${PARAMETERS} ${OPTIONS} encounters an error:&quot;
echo &quot;RESULT=$RESULT&quot;
echo &quot;STDOUT / STDERR:&quot;
cat &quot;$OUT&quot;
fi
</code></pre></div>
<h1 id="backup-strategie-mit-rsync-und-mailcow-backup-skript">Backup-Strategie mit rsync und mailcow Backup-Skript<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-strategie-mit-rsync-und-mailcow-backup-skript" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>Erstellen Sie das Zielverzeichnis fĂŒr mailcows Hilfsskript:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>mkdir -p /external_share/backups/backup_script
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Cronjobs erstellen:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
25 1 * * * rsync -aH --delete /opt/mailcow-dockerized /external_share/backups/mailcow-dockerized
40 2 * * * rsync -aH --delete /var/lib/docker/volumes /external_share/backups/var_lib_docker_volumes
5 4 * * * cd /opt/mailcow-dockerized/; BACKUP_LOCATION=/external_share/backups/backup_script /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup mysql crypt redis --delete-days 3
# Wenn Sie wollen, benutzen Sie das Werkzeug acl, um die Berechtigungen einiger/aller Ordner/Dateien zu sichern: getfacl -Rn /path
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Am Zielort (in diesem Fall <code>/external_share/backups</code>) möchten Sie vielleicht Snapshot-Möglichkeiten haben (ZFS, Btrfs usw.). Machen Sie tĂ€glich einen Snapshot und bewahren Sie ihn fĂŒr n Tage auf, um ein konsistentes Backup zu erhalten.
FĂŒhren Sie <strong>kein</strong> rsync auf eine Samba-Freigabe durch, Sie mĂŒssen die richtigen Berechtigungen behalten!</p>
<p>Zum Wiederherstellen mĂŒssen Sie rsync einfach in umgekehrter Richtung ausfĂŒhren und Docker neu starten, um die Volumes erneut zu lesen. FĂŒhren Sie <code>docker compose pull</code> und <code>docker compose up -d</code> aus.</p>
<p>Wenn Sie GlĂŒck haben, können Redis und MariaDB die inkonsistenten Datenbanken automatisch reparieren (wenn sie inkonsistent <em>sind</em>).
Im Falle einer beschĂ€digten Datenbank mĂŒssen Sie das Hilfsskript verwenden, um die inkonsistenten Elemente wiederherzustellen. Wenn die Wiederherstellung fehlschlĂ€gt, versuchen Sie, die Sicherungen zu extrahieren und die Dateien manuell zurĂŒck zu kopieren. Behalten Sie die Dateiberechtigungen bei!</p>
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<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-iso_datetime">2022-08-31 14:45:46</span>
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