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Manual MySQL upgrade
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Recover crashed Aria storage engine
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Remove Persistent Data
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Reset Passwords (incl. SQL)
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Reset TLS certificates
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Component backup & restore
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Restore
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Cold-standby (rolling backup)
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Cold-standby (rolling backup)
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Prepare
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Backup and refresh the cold-standby
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Automated backups with cron
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Manual backups
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Maildir
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MySQL (mysqldump)
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Recover accidentally deleted data
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Blacklist / Whitelist
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-config/" class="md-nav__link">
Configuration
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-css/" class="md-nav__link">
CSS overrides
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-netfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
Netfilter
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-pushover/" class="md-nav__link">
Pushover
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</li>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
Spamfilter
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-sub_addressing/" class="md-nav__link">
Sub-addressing
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tags/" class="md-nav__link">
Tags (for Domains and Mailboxes)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamalias/" class="md-nav__link">
Temporary email aliases
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tfa/" class="md-nav__link">
Two-Factor Authentication
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-fido/" class="md-nav__link">
WebAuthn / FIDO2
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Postfix
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Postfix
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-trust_networks/" class="md-nav__link">
Add trusted networks
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-custom_transport/" class="md-nav__link">
Custom transport maps
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-extra_cf/" class="md-nav__link">
Customize/Expand main.cf
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-disable_sender_verification/" class="md-nav__link">
Disable Sender Addresses Verification
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-attachment_size/" class="md-nav__link">
Max. message size (attachment size)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-relayhost/" class="md-nav__link">
Relayhosts
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-pflogsumm/" class="md-nav__link">
Statistics with pflogsumm
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-postscreen_whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
Whitelist IP in Postscreen
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</li>
</ul>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_3" >
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Unbound
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</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Unbound
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Unbound/u_e-unbound-fwd/" class="md-nav__link">
Using an external DNS service
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</li>
</ul>
</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_4" >
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Dovecot
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dovecot
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-extra_conf/" class="md-nav__link">
Customize/Expand dovecot.conf
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-any_acl/" class="md-nav__link">
Enable "any" ACL settings
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-expunge/" class="md-nav__link">
Expunge a Users mails
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-fts/" class="md-nav__link">
FTS (Solr)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-idle_interval/" class="md-nav__link">
IMAP IDLE interval
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-mail-crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
Mail crypt
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-more/" class="md-nav__link">
More Examples with DOVEADM
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-vmail-volume/" class="md-nav__link">
Move Maildir (vmail)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-public_folder/" class="md-nav__link">
Public folders
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-static_master/" class="md-nav__link">
Static master user
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-catchall_vacation/" class="md-nav__link">
Vacation replies for catchall addresses
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Nginx
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</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Nginx
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_webmail-site/" class="md-nav__link">
Create subdomain webmail.example.org
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_custom/" class="md-nav__link">
Custom sites
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</li>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_6" >
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Watchdog
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</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Watchdog
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Watchdog/u_e-watchdog-thresholds/" class="md-nav__link">
Thresholds
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</ul>
</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Redis/u_e-redis/" class="md-nav__link">
Redis
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Rspamd/u_e-rspamd/" class="md-nav__link">
Rspamd
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_9" id="__nav_8_9_label" tabindex="0">
ClamAV
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</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
ClamAV
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/ClamAV/u_e-clamav-whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
Whitelist
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/ClamAV/u_e-clamav-additional_dbs/" class="md-nav__link">
Additional Databases
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<a href="../../manual-guides/SOGo/u_e-sogo/" class="md-nav__link">
SOGo
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_11" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_11" id="__nav_8_11_label" tabindex="0">
Docker
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Docker
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/Docker/u_e-docker-cust_dockerfiles/" class="md-nav__link">
Customize Dockerfiles
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</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-why_unbound/" class="md-nav__link">
Why unbound?
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-autodiscover_config/" class="md-nav__link">
Autodiscover / Autoconfig
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-80_to_443/" class="md-nav__link">
Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-reeanble-weak-protocols/" class="md-nav__link">
Re-enable TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-update-hooks/" class="md-nav__link">
Run scripts before and after updates
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Client Configuration
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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Client Configuration
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../client/client/" class="md-nav__link">
Overview
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Android
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../client/client-apple/" class="md-nav__link">
Apple macOS / iOS
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../client/client-emclient/" class="md-nav__link">
eM Client
</a>
</li>
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<a href="../../client/client-kontact/" class="md-nav__link">
KDE Kontact
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../client/client-outlook/" class="md-nav__link">
Microsoft Outlook
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../client/client-thunderbird/" class="md-nav__link">
Mozilla Thunderbird
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
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Windows Mail
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Manual configuration
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Third party apps
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</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Third party apps
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../third_party/borgmatic/third_party-borgmatic/" class="md-nav__link">
Borgmatic Backup
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../third_party/checkmk/u_e-checkmk/" class="md-nav__link">
CheckMK
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../third_party/exchange_onprem/third_party-exchange_onprem/" class="md-nav__link">
Exchange Hybrid Setup
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<a href="../../third_party/gitea/third_party-gitea/" class="md-nav__link">
Gitea
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../third_party/gogs/third_party-gogs/" class="md-nav__link">
Gogs
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../third_party/mailman3/third_party-mailman3/" class="md-nav__link">
Mailman 3
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../third_party/mailpiler/third_party-mailpiler_integration/" class="md-nav__link">
Mailpiler Integration
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Prepare
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Backup and refresh the cold-standby
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<h1 id="cold-standby-backup">Cold-standby backup<a class="headerlink" href="#cold-standby-backup" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>mailcow offers an easy way to create a consistent copy of itself to be rsync'ed to a remote location without downtime.</p>
<p>This may also be used to transfer your mailcow to a new server.</p>
<h2 id="you-should-know">You should know<a class="headerlink" href="#you-should-know" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The provided script will work on default installations.</p>
<p>It may break when you use unsupported volume overrides. We don't support that and we will not include hacks to support that. Please run and maintain a fork if you plan to keep your changes.</p>
<p>The script will use <strong>the same paths</strong> as your default mailcow installation. That is the mailcow base directory - for most users <code>/opt/mailcow-dockerized</code> - as well as the mountpoints.</p>
<p>To find the paths of your source volumes we use <code>docker inspect</code> and read the destination directory of every volume related to your mailcow compose project. This means we will also transfer volumes you may have added in an override file. Local bind mounts may or may not work.</p>
<p>The script uses rsync with the <code>--delete</code> flag. The destination will be an exact copy of the source.</p>
<p><code>mariabackup</code> is used to create a consistent copy of the SQL data directory.</p>
<p>After rsync'ing the data we will run the command below (depending on your set docker compose type in mailcow.conf) and remove old image tags from the destination:</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">docker compose (Plugin)</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">docker-compose (Standalone)</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker<span class="w"> </span>compose<span class="w"> </span>pull
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose<span class="w"> </span>pull
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Your source will not be changed at any time.</p>
<p><strong>You may want to make sure to use the same <code>/etc/docker/daemon.json</code> on the remote target.</strong></p>
<p>You should not run disk snapshots (e.g. via ZFS, LVM etc.) on the target at the very same time as this script is run.</p>
<p>Versioning is not part of this script, we rely on the destination (snapshots or backups). You may also want to use any other tool for that.</p>
<h2 id="prepare">Prepare<a class="headerlink" href="#prepare" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>You will need an SSH-enabled destination and a keyfile to connect to said destination. The key should not be protected by a password for the script to work unattended.</p>
<p>In your mailcow base directory, e.g. <code>/opt/mailcow-dockerized</code> you will find a file <code>create_cold_standby.sh</code>.</p>
<p>Edit this file and change the exported variables:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>export REMOTE_SSH_KEY=/path/to/keyfile
export REMOTE_SSH_PORT=22
export REMOTE_SSH_HOST=mailcow-backup.host.name
</code></pre></div>
<p>The key must be owned and readable by root only.</p>
<p>Both the source and destination require <code>rsync</code> &gt;= v3.1.0.
The destination must have Docker and docker compose <strong>v2</strong> available.</p>
<p>The script will detect errors automatically and exit.</p>
<p>You may want to test the connection by running <code>ssh mailcow-backup.host.name -p22 -i /path/to/keyfile</code>.</p>
<h2 id="backup-and-refresh-the-cold-standby">Backup and refresh the cold-standby<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-and-refresh-the-cold-standby" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Run the first backup, this may take a while depending on the connection:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh
</code></pre></div>
<p>That was easy, wasn't it?</p>
<p>Updating your cold-standby is just as easy:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh
</code></pre></div>
<p>It's the same command.</p>
<h2 id="automated-backups-with-cron">Automated backups with cron<a class="headerlink" href="#automated-backups-with-cron" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>First make sure that the <code>cron</code> service is enabled and running:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>systemctl enable cron.service &amp;&amp; systemctl start cron.service
</code></pre></div>
<p>To automate the backups to the cold-standby server you can use a cron job. To edit the cron jobs for the root user run:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>crontab -e
</code></pre></div>
<p>Add the following lines to synchronize the cold standby server daily at 03:00. In this example errors of the last execution are logged into a file.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
0 3 * * * bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh 2&gt; /var/log/mailcow-coldstandby-sync.log
</code></pre></div>
<p>If saved correctly, the cron job should be shown by typing:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>crontab -l
</code></pre></div>
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