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Konfiguration
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Netfilter
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Pushover
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Spamfilter
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Sub-Adressierung
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Tags (für Domains und Mailboxen)
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Temporäre E-Mail-Aliase
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<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tfa/" class="md-nav__link">
Zwei-Faktoren-Authentifizierung
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Vertrauenswürdige Netzwerke hinzufügen
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Benutzerdefinierte Transportmaps
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main.cf anpassen/erweitern
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Überprüfung der Absenderadressen deaktivieren
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-attachment_size/" class="md-nav__link">
Maximale Nachrichtengröße (Größe des Anhangs)
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-relayhost/" class="md-nav__link">
Relayhosts
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-pflogsumm/" class="md-nav__link">
Statistik mit pflogsumm
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-postscreen_whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
IP in Postscreen auf die Whitelist setzen
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Unbound
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Verwendung eines externen DNS-Dienstes
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-extra_conf/" class="md-nav__link">
Anpassen/Erweitern von dovecot.conf
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-any_acl/" class="md-nav__link">
Aktivierung von "any" ACL-Einstellungen
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-expunge/" class="md-nav__link">
Löschen der Mails eines Benutzers
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-fts/" class="md-nav__link">
FTS (Solr)
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-idle_interval/" class="md-nav__link">
IMAP IDLE-Intervall
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</li>
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-mail-crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
Mail crypt
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-more/" class="md-nav__link">
Weitere Beispiele mit DOVEADM
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-vmail-volume/" class="md-nav__link">
Maildir verschieben (vmail)
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-public_folder/" class="md-nav__link">
Öffentliche Ordner
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Statischer Hauptbenutzer
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-catchall_vacation/" class="md-nav__link">
Urlaubsantworten für Catchall-Adressen
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Nginx
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Nginx
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Subdomäne webmail.example.org erstellen
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Watchdog
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Watchdog
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Thresholds
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Redis
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<a href="../../manual-guides/Rspamd/u_e-rspamd/" class="md-nav__link">
Rspamd
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ClamAV
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ClamAV
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<a href="../../manual-guides/ClamAV/u_e-clamav-whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
Whitelist
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Weitere Datenbanken
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SOGo
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Docker
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Docker
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Dockerfiles anpassen
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Warum unbound?
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Autodiscover / Autoconfig
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HTTP auf HTTPS umleiten
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<a href="../../manual-guides/u_e-reeanble-weak-protocols/" class="md-nav__link">
TLS 1.0 und TLS 1.1 wieder aktivieren
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Skripte vor und nach Aktualisierungen ausführen
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eM Client
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KDE Kontact
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Borgmatic-Sicherung
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Exchange Hybrid Setup
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Gogs
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Mailpiler Integration
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Sicherung
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Anleitung
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Variablen für Backup/Restore Skript
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Multithreading
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Backup Pfad
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Cronjob
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Backup-Strategie mit rsync und mailcow Backup-Skript
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<h1>Sicherung</h1>
<h3 id="sicherung">Sicherung<a class="headerlink" href="#sicherung" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<h4 id="anleitung">Anleitung<a class="headerlink" href="#anleitung" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>Sie können das mitgelieferte Skript <code>helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh</code> verwenden, um mailcow automatisch zu sichern.</p>
<p>Bitte kopieren Sie dieses Skript nicht an einen anderen Ort.</p>
<p>Um ein Backup zu starten, geben Sie "backup" als ersten Parameter an und entweder eine oder mehrere zu sichernde Komponenten als folgende Parameter.
Sie können auch "all" als zweiten Parameter verwenden, um alle Komponenten zu sichern. Fügen Sie <code>--delete-days n</code> an, um Sicherungen zu löschen, die älter als n Tage sind.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># Syntax:
# ./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup (vmail|crypt|redis|rspamd|postfix|mysql|all|--delete-days)
# Alles sichern, Sicherungen älter als 3 Tage löschen
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup all --delete-days 3
# vmail-, crypt- und mysql-Daten sichern, Sicherungen löschen, die älter als 30 Tage sind
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup vmail crypt mysql --delete-days 30
# vmail sichern
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup vmail
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="variablen-fur-backuprestore-skript">Variablen für Backup/Restore Skript<a class="headerlink" href="#variablen-fur-backuprestore-skript" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<h5 id="multithreading">Multithreading<a class="headerlink" href="#multithreading" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h5>
<p>Seit dem 2022-10 Update ist es möglich das Skript mit Multithreading Support laufen zu lassen. Dies lässt sich sowohl für Backups aber auch für Restores nutzen.</p>
<p>Um das Backup/den Restore mit Multithreading zu starten muss <code>THREADS</code> als Umgebungsvariable vor dem Befehl zum starten hinzugefügt werden.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>THREADS=14 /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup all
</code></pre></div>
Die Anzahl hinter dem <code>=</code> Zeichen gibt dabei dann die Thread Anzahl an. Nehmen Sie bitte immer ihre Kernanzahl -2 um mailcow selber noch genug CPU Leistung zu lassen.</p>
<h5 id="backup-pfad">Backup Pfad<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-pfad" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h5>
<p>Das Skript wird Sie nach einem Speicherort für die Sicherung fragen. Innerhalb dieses Speicherortes wird es Ordner im Format "mailcow_DATE" erstellen.
Sie sollten diese Ordner nicht umbenennen, um den Wiederherstellungsprozess nicht zu stören.</p>
<p>Um ein Backup unbeaufsichtigt durchzuführen, definieren Sie MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION als Umgebungsvariable, bevor Sie das Skript starten:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=/opt/backup /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup all
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tipp<p>Beide oben genannten Variablen können auch kombiniert werden! Bsp:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=/opt/backup THREADS=14 /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup all
</code></pre></div></p>
</p>
</div>
<h4 id="cronjob">Cronjob<a class="headerlink" href="#cronjob" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>Sie können das Backup-Skript regelmäßig über einen Cronjob laufen lassen. Stellen Sie sicher, dass <code>BACKUP_LOCATION</code> existiert:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
5 4 * * * cd /opt/mailcow-dockerized/; MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=/mnt/mailcow_backups /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup mysql crypt redis --delete-days 3
</code></pre></div>
<p>Standardmäßig sendet Cron das komplette Ergebnis jeder Backup-Operation per E-Mail. Wenn Sie möchten, dass cron nur im Fehlerfall (Exit-Code ungleich Null) eine E-Mail sendet, können Sie den folgenden Ausschnitt verwenden. Die Pfade müssen entsprechend Ihrer Einrichtung angepasst werden (dieses Skript ist ein Beitrag eines Benutzers).</p>
<p>Das folgende Skript kann in <code>/etc/cron.daily/mailcow-backup</code> platziert werden - vergessen Sie nicht, es mit <code>chmod +x</code> als ausführbar zu markieren:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>#!/bin/sh
# Backup mailcow data
# https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/b_n_r_backup/
set -e
OUT=&quot;$(mktemp)&quot;
export MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=&quot;/opt/backup&quot;
SCRIPT=&quot;/opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh&quot;
PARAMETERS=&quot;backup all&quot;
OPTIONS=&quot;--delete-days 30&quot;
# run command
set +e
&quot;${SCRIPT}&quot; ${PARAMETERS} ${OPTIONS} 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt; &quot;$OUT&quot;
RESULT=$?
if [ $RESULT -ne 0 ]
then
echo &quot;${SCRIPT} ${PARAMETERS} ${OPTIONS} encounters an error:&quot;
echo &quot;RESULT=$RESULT&quot;
echo &quot;STDOUT / STDERR:&quot;
cat &quot;$OUT&quot;
fi
</code></pre></div>
<h1 id="backup-strategie-mit-rsync-und-mailcow-backup-skript">Backup-Strategie mit rsync und mailcow Backup-Skript<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-strategie-mit-rsync-und-mailcow-backup-skript" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>Erstellen Sie das Zielverzeichnis für mailcows Hilfsskript:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>mkdir -p /external_share/backups/backup_script
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Cronjobs erstellen:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
25 1 * * * rsync -aH --delete /opt/mailcow-dockerized /external_share/backups/mailcow-dockerized
40 2 * * * rsync -aH --delete /var/lib/docker/volumes /external_share/backups/var_lib_docker_volumes
5 4 * * * cd /opt/mailcow-dockerized/; BACKUP_LOCATION=/external_share/backups/backup_script /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup mysql crypt redis --delete-days 3
# Wenn Sie wollen, benutzen Sie das Werkzeug acl, um die Berechtigungen einiger/aller Ordner/Dateien zu sichern: getfacl -Rn /path
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Am Zielort (in diesem Fall <code>/external_share/backups</code>) möchten Sie vielleicht Snapshot-Möglichkeiten haben (ZFS, Btrfs usw.). Machen Sie täglich einen Snapshot und bewahren Sie ihn für n Tage auf, um ein konsistentes Backup zu erhalten.
Führen Sie <strong>kein</strong> rsync auf eine Samba-Freigabe durch, Sie müssen die richtigen Berechtigungen behalten!</p>
<p>Zum Wiederherstellen müssen Sie rsync einfach in umgekehrter Richtung ausführen und Docker neu starten, um die Volumes erneut zu lesen. Führen Sie <code>docker compose pull</code> und <code>docker compose up -d</code> aus.</p>
<p>Wenn Sie Glück haben, können Redis und MariaDB die inkonsistenten Datenbanken automatisch reparieren (wenn sie inkonsistent <em>sind</em>).
Im Falle einer beschädigten Datenbank müssen Sie das Hilfsskript verwenden, um die inkonsistenten Elemente wiederherzustellen. Wenn die Wiederherstellung fehlschlägt, versuchen Sie, die Sicherungen zu extrahieren und die Dateien manuell zurück zu kopieren. Behalten Sie die Dateiberechtigungen bei!</p>
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Letztes Update:
<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-iso_datetime">2022-10-25 14:46:12</span>
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