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Systemvoraussetzungen
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Voraussetzungen
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Systemvoraussetzungen
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Systemvoraussetzungen
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Minimale Systemressourcen
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Beispiele für die RAM Planung
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<a href="#unterstutzte-betriebssysteme" class="md-nav__link">
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Unterstützte Betriebssysteme
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<a href="#wichtig-fur-hetzner-firewalls" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#datum-und-uhrzeit" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#hetzner-cloud-und-wahrscheinlich-andere" class="md-nav__link">
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Hetzner Cloud (und wahrscheinlich andere)
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MTU
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Rspamd UI
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Fortgeschritten: Memory-Leaks in Rspamd finden
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Passwörter zurücksetzen (inkl. SQL)
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TLS-Zertifikate zurücksetzen
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Sicherung
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../backup_restore/b_n_r-coldstandby/" class="md-nav__link">
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</a>
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</li>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7_3">
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Manuelle Sicherung
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Manuelle Sicherung" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Manuelle Sicherung
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../backup_restore/b_n_r-backup_restore-maildir/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mail-Verzeichnis
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../backup_restore/b_n_r-backup_restore-mysql/" class="md-nav__link">
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_7_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7_4" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7_4">
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Interne mailcow Sicherungen
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Interne mailcow Sicherungen" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7_4">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Interne mailcow Sicherungen
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../backup_restore/b_n_r-accidental_deletion/" class="md-nav__link">
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Versehentlich gelöschte Daten wiederherstellen
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</a>
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8">
|
|
Anleitungen/Beispiele
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Anleitungen/Beispiele" data-md-level="1">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Anleitungen/Beispiele
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_1" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_1" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_1">
|
|
mailcow UI
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="mailcow UI" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_1">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
mailcow UI
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-bl_wl/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Blacklist / Whitelist
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-config/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Konfiguration
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-css/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
CSS-Überschreibungen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-netfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Netfilter
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-pushover/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Pushover
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Spamfilter
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-sub_addressing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Sub-Adressierung
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tags/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Tags (für Domains und Mailboxen)
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamalias/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Temporäre E-Mail-Aliase
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tfa/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Zwei-Faktoren-Authentifizierung
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-fido/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
WebAuthn / FIDO2
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_2" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_2" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_2">
|
|
Postfix
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Postfix" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Postfix
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-trust_networks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Vertrauenswürdige Netzwerke hinzufügen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-custom_transport/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Benutzerdefinierte Transportmaps
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-extra_cf/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
main.cf anpassen/erweitern
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-disable_sender_verification/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Überprüfung der Absenderadressen deaktivieren
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-attachment_size/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Maximale Nachrichtengröße (Größe des Anhangs)
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-relayhost/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Relayhosts
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-pflogsumm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Statistik mit pflogsumm
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-postscreen_whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
IP in Postscreen auf die Whitelist setzen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_3" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_3" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_3">
|
|
Unbound
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Unbound" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Unbound
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Unbound/u_e-unbound-fwd/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Verwendung eines externen DNS-Dienstes
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_4" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_4">
|
|
Dovecot
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Dovecot" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_4">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Dovecot
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-extra_conf/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Anpassen/Erweitern von dovecot.conf
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-any_acl/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Aktivierung von "any" ACL-Einstellungen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-expunge/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Löschen der Mails eines Benutzers
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-fts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
FTS (Solr)
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-idle_interval/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
IMAP IDLE-Intervall
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-mail-crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Mail crypt
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-more/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Weitere Beispiele mit DOVEADM
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-vmail-volume/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Maildir verschieben (vmail)
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-public_folder/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Öffentliche Ordner
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-static_master/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Statischer Hauptbenutzer
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-catchall_vacation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Urlaubsantworten für Catchall-Adressen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_5" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_5" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_5">
|
|
Nginx
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Nginx" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_5">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Nginx
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_webmail-site/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Subdomäne webmail.example.org erstellen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_custom/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Benutzerdefinierte Seiten
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_6" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_6" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_6">
|
|
Watchdog
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Watchdog" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_6">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Watchdog
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Watchdog/u_e-watchdog-thresholds/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Thresholds
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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|
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized-docs/edit/master/docs/prerequisite/prerequisite-system.de.md" title="Seite editieren" class="md-content__button md-icon">
|
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|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25Z"/></svg>
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</a>
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|
|
|
|
<h1>Systemvoraussetzungen</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>Bevor Sie <strong>mailcow: dockerized</strong> ausführen, sollten Sie einige Voraussetzungen überprüfen:</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition warning">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Achtung</p>
|
|
<p>Versuchen Sie <strong>nicht</strong>, mailcow auf einem Synology/QNAP-Gerät (jedes NAS), OpenVZ, LXC oder anderen Container-Plattformen zu installieren. KVM, ESX, Hyper-V und andere vollständige Virtualisierungsplattformen werden unterstützt.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonition info">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Info</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>mailcow: dockerized erfordert, dass <a href="#standard-ports">einige Ports</a> für eingehende Verbindungen offen sind, also stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihre Firewall diese nicht blockiert.</li>
|
|
<li>Stellen Sie sicher, dass keine andere Anwendung die Konfiguration von mailcow stört, wie z.B. ein anderer Maildienst</li>
|
|
<li>Ein korrektes DNS-Setup ist entscheidend für jedes gute Mailserver-Setup, also stellen Sie bitte sicher, dass Sie zumindest die <a href="../prerequisite-dns/#die-minimale-dns-konfiguration">basics</a> abgedeckt haben, bevor Sie beginnen!</li>
|
|
<li>Stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihr System ein korrektes Datum und eine korrekte <a href="#datum-und-uhrzeit">Zeiteinstellung</a> hat. Dies ist entscheidend für verschiedene Komponenten wie die Zwei-Faktor-TOTP-Authentifizierung.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="minimale-systemressourcen">Minimale Systemressourcen<a class="headerlink" href="#minimale-systemressourcen" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<div class="admonition failure">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Nicht unterstützt</p>
|
|
<p><strong>OpenVZ, Virtuozzo und LXC</strong></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Bitte stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihr System mindestens über die folgenden Ressourcen verfügt:</p>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Ressource</th>
|
|
<th>mailcow: dockerized</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>CPU</td>
|
|
<td>1 GHz</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>RAM</td>
|
|
<td><strong>Minimum</strong> 6 GiB + 1 GiB Swap (Standardkonfiguration)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Festplatte</td>
|
|
<td>20 GiB (ohne Emails)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Systemtyp</td>
|
|
<td>x86_64</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>ClamAV und Solr können sehr viel Arbeitspeicher verbrauchen. Sie können diese in der <code>mailcow.conf</code> durch die Einstellungen <code>SKIP_CLAMD=y</code> und <code>SKIP_SOLR=y</code> jedoch auch deaktivieren.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition info">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Info</p>
|
|
<p>Wir sind uns bewusst, dass ein reiner MTA auf 128 MiB RAM laufen kann.
|
|
mailcow ist eine ausgewachsene und gebrauchsfertige Groupware mit vielen Extras, die das Leben einfacher machen.
|
|
Diese kommt mit einem Webserver, Webmailer, ActiveSync (MS), Antivirus, Antispam, Indexierung (Solr), Dokumentenscanner (Oletools), SQL (MariaDB), Cache (Redis), MDA, MTA, verschiedenen Webdiensten etc.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Ein einzelner SOGo-Worker <strong>kann</strong> ~350 MiB RAM belegen, bevor er geleert wird. Je mehr ActiveSync-Verbindungen Sie verwenden möchten, desto mehr RAM wird benötigt. In der Standardkonfiguration werden 20 Arbeiter erzeugt.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="beispiele-fur-die-ram-planung">Beispiele für die RAM Planung<a class="headerlink" href="#beispiele-fur-die-ram-planung" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
|
<p>Ein Unternehmen mit 15 Smartphones (EAS aktiviert) und etwa 50 gleichzeitigen IMAP-Verbindungen sollte 16 GiB RAM einplanen.</p>
|
|
<p>6 GiB RAM + 1 GiB Swap sind für die meisten privaten Installationen ausreichend, während 8 GiB RAM für ~5 bis 10 Benutzer empfohlen werden.</p>
|
|
<p>Im Rahmen unseres Supports können wir Ihnen bei der korrekten Planung Ihres Setups helfen.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="unterstutzte-betriebssysteme">Unterstützte Betriebssysteme<a class="headerlink" href="#unterstutzte-betriebssysteme" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Wir empfehlen, jede Distribution zu verwenden, die von Docker CE unterstützt wird (siehe <a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">https://docs.docker.com/install/</a>).</p>
|
|
<p>Die folgende Tabelle enthält alle von uns offiziell unterstützten und getesteten Betriebssysteme:</p>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Betriebssystem</th>
|
|
<th>Status</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Centos 7</td>
|
|
<td>✅</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Debian 10, 11</td>
|
|
<td>✅</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04</td>
|
|
<td>✅</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p><strong>Andere (nicht genannte Betriebssysteme) können auch funktionieren, sind jedoch nicht offiziell getestet worden.</strong></p>
|
|
<h2 id="firewall-ports">Firewall & Ports<a class="headerlink" href="#firewall-ports" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Bitte überprüfen Sie, ob alle Standard-Ports von mailcow offen sind und nicht von anderen Anwendungen genutzt werden:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>ss -tlpn | grep -E -w '25|80|110|143|443|465|587|993|995|4190'
|
|
# oder:
|
|
netstat -tulpn | grep -E -w '25|80|110|143|443|465|587|993|995|4190'
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="admonition danger">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Vorsicht</p>
|
|
<p>Es gibt einige Probleme mit dem Betrieb von mailcow auf einem Firewalld/ufw aktivierten System. <br>
|
|
Sie sollten es deaktivieren (wenn möglich) und stattdessen Ihren Regelsatz in die DOCKER-USER-Kette verschieben, die nicht durch einen Neustart des Docker-Dienstes gelöscht wird. <br>
|
|
Siehe <a href="https://blog.donnex.net/docker-and-iptables-filtering/">diese (blog.donnex.net)</a> oder <a href="https://unrouted.io/2017/08/15/docker-firewall/">diese (unrouted.io)</a> Anleitung für Informationen darüber, wie man iptables-persistent mit der DOCKER-USER Kette benutzt. <br>
|
|
Da mailcow im Docker-Modus läuft, haben INPUT-Regeln keinen Effekt auf die Beschränkung des Zugriffs auf mailcow. <br>
|
|
Verwenden Sie stattdessen die FORWARD-Kette.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Wenn dieser Befehl irgendwelche Ergebnisse liefert, entfernen oder stoppen Sie bitte die Anwendung, die auf diesem Port läuft. Sie können mailcows Ports auch über die Konfigurationsdatei <code>mailcow.conf</code> anpassen.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="standard-ports">Standard Ports<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-ports" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Wenn Sie eine Firewall vor mailcow haben, stellen Sie bitte sicher, dass diese Ports für eingehende Verbindungen offen sind:</p>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Dienst</th>
|
|
<th style="text-align: center;">Protokoll</th>
|
|
<th style="text-align: left;">Port</th>
|
|
<th style="text-align: left;">Container</th>
|
|
<th>Variable</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Postfix SMTP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">25</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">postfix-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${SMTP_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Postfix SMTPS</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">465</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">postfix-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${SMTPS_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Postfix Submission</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">587</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">postfix-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${SUBMISSION_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot IMAP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">143</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${IMAP_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot IMAPS</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">993</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${IMAPS_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot POP3</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">110</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${POP_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot POP3S</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">995</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${POPS_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot ManageSieve</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">4190</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${SIEVE_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>HTTP(S)</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">TCP</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">80/443</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: left;">nginx-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${HTTP_PORT}</code> / <code>${HTTPS_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Um einen Dienst an eine IP-Adresse zu binden, können Sie die IP-Adresse wie folgt voranstellen: <code>SMTP_PORT=1.2.3.4:25</code></p>
|
|
<p><strong>Wichtig</strong>: Sie können keine IP:PORT-Bindungen in HTTP_PORT und HTTPS_PORT verwenden. Bitte verwenden Sie stattdessen <code>HTTP_PORT=1234</code> und <code>HTTP_BIND=1.2.3.4</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="wichtig-fur-hetzner-firewalls">Wichtig für Hetzner Firewalls<a class="headerlink" href="#wichtig-fur-hetzner-firewalls" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Ich zitiere <a href="https://github.com/chermsen">https://github.com/chermsen</a> über <a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/issues/497#issuecomment-469847380">https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/issues/497#issuecomment-469847380</a> (DANKE!):</p>
|
|
<p>Für alle, die mit der Hetzner-Firewall zu kämpfen haben:</p>
|
|
<p>Port 53 ist in diesem Fall für die Firewall-Konfiguration unwichtig. Laut Dokumentation verwendet unbound den Portbereich 1024-65535 für ausgehende Anfragen.
|
|
Da es sich bei der Hetzner Robot Firewall um eine statische Firewall handelt (jedes eingehende Paket wird isoliert geprüft) - müssen die folgenden Regeln angewendet werden:</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Für TCP</strong>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>SRC-IP: ---
|
|
DST-IP: ---
|
|
SRC-Port: ---
|
|
DST-Port: 1024-65535
|
|
Protokoll: tcp
|
|
TCP-Flags: ack
|
|
Aktion: Akzeptieren
|
|
</code></pre></div></p>
|
|
<p><strong>Für UDP</strong>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>SRC-IP: ---
|
|
DST-IP: ---
|
|
SRC-Port: ---
|
|
DST-Port: 1024-65535
|
|
Protokoll: udp
|
|
Aktion: Akzeptieren
|
|
</code></pre></div></p>
|
|
<p>Wenn man einen restriktiveren Portbereich anwenden will, muss man zuerst die Konfiguration von unbound ändern (nach der Installation):</p>
|
|
<p>{mailcow-dockerized}/data/conf/unbound/unbound.conf:
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>ausgehender-Port-vermeiden: 0-32767
|
|
</code></pre></div></p>
|
|
<p>Nun können die Firewall-Regeln wie folgt angepasst werden:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>[...]
|
|
DST Port: 32768-65535
|
|
[...]
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="datum-und-uhrzeit">Datum und Uhrzeit<a class="headerlink" href="#datum-und-uhrzeit" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Um sicherzustellen, dass Sie das richtige Datum und die richtige Zeit auf Ihrem System eingestellt haben, überprüfen Sie bitte die Ausgabe von <code>timedatectl status</code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$ timedatectl status
|
|
Lokale Zeit: Sat 2017-05-06 02:12:33 CEST
|
|
Weltzeit: Sa 2017-05-06 00:12:33 UTC
|
|
RTC-Zeit: Sa 2017-05-06 00:12:32
|
|
Zeitzone: Europa/Berlin (MESZ, +0200)
|
|
NTP aktiviert: ja
|
|
NTP synchronisiert: ja
|
|
RTC in lokaler TZ: nein
|
|
Sommerzeit aktiv: ja
|
|
Letzte DST-Änderung: Sommerzeit begann am
|
|
Sonne 2017-03-26 01:59:59 MEZ
|
|
So 2017-03-26 03:00:00 MESZ
|
|
Nächste Sommerzeitänderung: Die Sommerzeit endet (die Uhr springt eine Stunde rückwärts) am
|
|
Sun 2017-10-29 02:59:59 MESZ
|
|
Sun 2017-10-29 02:00:00 MEZ
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Die Zeilen <code>NTP aktiviert: ja</code> und <code>NTP synchronisiert: ja</code> zeigen an, ob Sie NTP aktiviert haben und ob es synchronisiert ist.</p>
|
|
<p>Um NTP zu aktivieren, müssen Sie den Befehl <code>timedatectl set-ntp true</code> ausführen. Sie müssen auch Ihre <code>/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf</code> bearbeiten:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># vim /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
|
|
[Zeit]
|
|
NTP=0.pool.ntp.org 1.pool.ntp.org 2.pool.ntp.org 3.pool.ntp.org
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="hetzner-cloud-und-wahrscheinlich-andere">Hetzner Cloud (und wahrscheinlich andere)<a class="headerlink" href="#hetzner-cloud-und-wahrscheinlich-andere" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Prüfen Sie <code>/etc/network/interfaces.d/50-cloud-init.cfg</code> und ändern Sie die IPv6-Schnittstelle von eth0:0 auf eth0:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># Falsch:
|
|
auto eth0:0
|
|
iface eth0:0 inet6 static
|
|
# Richtig:
|
|
auto eth0
|
|
iface eth0 inet6 static
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Starten Sie die Schnittstelle neu, um die Einstellungen zu übernehmen.
|
|
Sie können außerdem die <a href="https://wiki.hetzner.de/index.php/Cloud_IP_static/en#disable_cloud-init_network_changes">cloud-init Netzwerkänderungen deaktivieren.</a></p>
|
|
<h2 id="mtu">MTU<a class="headerlink" href="#mtu" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Besonders relevant für OpenStack-Benutzer: Überprüfen Sie Ihre MTU und setzen Sie sie entsprechend in docker-compose.yml. Siehe <a href="../../i_u_m/i_u_m_install/#benutzer-mit-einer-mtu-ungleich-1500-zb-openstack">Problebehandlungen</a> in unseren Installationsanleitungen.</p>
|
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<hr>
|
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<div class="md-source-file">
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<small>
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Letztes Update:
|
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<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-iso_datetime">2022-09-01 09:33:47</span>
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