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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized-docs/edit/master/docs/backup_restore/b_n_r-backup.de.md" title="Seite editieren" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z"/></svg>
</a>
<h3 id="sicherung">Sicherung<a class="headerlink" href="#sicherung" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<h4 id="anleitung">Anleitung<a class="headerlink" href="#anleitung" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>Sie können das mitgelieferte Skript <code>helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh</code> verwenden, um mailcow automatisch zu sichern.</p>
<p>Bitte kopieren Sie dieses Skript nicht an einen anderen Ort.</p>
<p>Um ein Backup zu starten, geben Sie "backup" als ersten Parameter an und entweder eine oder mehrere zu sichernde Komponenten als folgende Parameter.
Sie können auch "all" als zweiten Parameter verwenden, um alle Komponenten zu sichern. FĂŒgen Sie <code>--delete-days n</code> an, um Sicherungen zu löschen, die Ă€lter als n Tage sind.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># Syntax:
# ./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup (vmail|crypt|redis|rspamd|postfix|mysql|all|--delete-days)
# Alles sichern, Sicherungen Àlter als 3 Tage löschen
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup all --delete-days 3
# vmail-, crypt- und mysql-Daten sichern, Sicherungen löschen, die Àlter als 30 Tage sind
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup vmail crypt mysql --delete-days 30
# vmail sichern
./helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup vmail
</code></pre></div>
<p>Das Skript wird Sie nach einem Speicherort fĂŒr die Sicherung fragen. Innerhalb dieses Speicherortes wird es Ordner im Format "mailcow_DATE" erstellen.
Sie sollten diese Ordner nicht umbenennen, um den Wiederherstellungsprozess nicht zu unterbrechen.</p>
<p>Um ein Backup unbeaufsichtigt durchzufĂŒhren, definieren Sie MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION als Umgebungsvariable bevor Sie das Skript starten:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=/opt/backup /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup all
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="cronjob">Cronjob<a class="headerlink" href="#cronjob" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>Sie können das Backup-Skript regelmĂ€ĂŸig ĂŒber einen Cronjob laufen lassen. Stellen Sie sicher, dass <code>BACKUP_LOCATION</code> existiert:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>5 4 * * * cd /opt/mailcow-dockerized/; MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=/mnt/mailcow_backups /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup mysql crypt redis --delete-days 3
</code></pre></div>
<p>StandardmĂ€ĂŸig sendet Cron das komplette Ergebnis jeder Backup-Operation per E-Mail. Wenn Sie möchten, dass cron nur im Fehlerfall (Exit-Code ungleich Null) eine E-Mail sendet, können Sie den folgenden Ausschnitt verwenden. Die Pfade mĂŒssen entsprechend Ihrer Einrichtung angepasst werden (dieses Skript ist ein Beitrag des Benutzers).</p>
<p>Das folgende Skript kann in <code>/etc/cron.daily/mailcow-backup</code> platziert werden - vergessen Sie nicht, es mit <code>chmod +x</code> als ausfĂŒhrbar zu markieren:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>#!/bin/sh
# Backup mailcow data
# https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/b_n_r_backup/
set -e
OUT=&quot;$(mktemp)&quot;
export MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=&quot;/opt/backup&quot;
SCRIPT=&quot;/opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh&quot;
PARAMETERS=&quot;backup all&quot;
OPTIONS=&quot;--delete-days 30&quot;
# run command
set +e
&quot;${SCRIPT}&quot; ${PARAMETERS} ${OPTIONS} 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt; &quot;$OUT&quot;
RESULT=$?
if [ $RESULT -ne 0 ]
then
echo &quot;${SCRIPT} ${PARAMETERS} ${OPTIONS} encounters an error:&quot;
echo &quot;RESULT=$RESULT&quot;
# https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/b_n_r_backup/
set -e
OUT=&quot;$(mktemp)&quot;
export MAILCOW_BACKUP_LOCATION=&quot;/opt/backup&quot;
SCRIPT=&quot;/opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh&quot;
PARAMETERS=&quot;alle sichern&quot;
OPTIONS=&quot;--delete-days 30&quot;
# Befehl ausfĂŒhren
setzen +e
&quot;${SCRIPT}&quot; ${PARAMETERS} ${OPTIONS} 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt; &quot;$OUT&quot;
ERGEBNIS=$?
if [ $RESULT -ne 0 ]
dann
echo &quot;${SCRIPT} ${PARAMETER} ${OPTIONS} ist auf einen Fehler gestoßen:&quot;
echo &quot;ERGEBNIS=$ERGEBNIS&quot;
echo &quot;STDOUT / STDERR:&quot;
cat &quot;$OUT&quot;
fi
</code></pre></div>
<h1 id="backup-strategie-mit-rsync-und-mailcow-backup-skript">Backup-Strategie mit rsync und mailcow Backup-Skript<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-strategie-mit-rsync-und-mailcow-backup-skript" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>Erstellen Sie das Zielverzeichnis fĂŒr mailcows Hilfsskript:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>mkdir -p /external_share/backups/backup_script
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Cronjobs erstellen:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>25 1 * * * rsync -aH --delete /opt/mailcow-dockerized /external_share/backups/mailcow-dockerized
40 2 * * * rsync -aH --delete /var/lib/docker/volumes /external_share/backups/var_lib_docker_volumes
5 4 * * * cd /opt/mailcow-dockerized/; BACKUP_LOCATION=/external_share/backups/backup_script /opt/mailcow-dockerized/helper-scripts/backup_and_restore.sh backup mysql crypt redis --delete-days 3
# Wenn Sie wollen, benutzen Sie acl util, um die Berechtigungen einiger/aller Ordner/Dateien zu sichern: getfacl -Rn /path
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Am Zielort (in diesem Fall <code>/external_share/backups</code>) möchten Sie vielleicht Snapshot-FĂ€higkeiten haben (ZFS, Btrfs usw.). Machen Sie tĂ€glich einen Snapshot und bewahren Sie ihn fĂŒr n Tage auf, um ein konsistentes Backup zu erhalten.
FĂŒhren Sie <strong>kein</strong> rsync auf eine Samba-Freigabe durch, Sie mĂŒssen die richtigen Berechtigungen einhalten!</p>
<p>Zum Wiederherstellen mĂŒssen Sie rsync einfach in umgekehrter Richtung ausfĂŒhren und Docker neu starten, um die Volumes erneut zu lesen. FĂŒhren Sie <code>docker-compose pull</code> und <code>docker-compose up -d</code> aus.</p>
<p>Wenn Sie GlĂŒck haben, können Redis und MariaDB die inkonsistenten Datenbanken automatisch reparieren (wenn sie <em>inkonsistent</em> sind).
Im Falle einer beschĂ€digten Datenbank mĂŒssen Sie das Hilfsskript verwenden, um die inkonsistenten Elemente wiederherzustellen. Wenn die Wiederherstellung fehlschlĂ€gt, versuchen Sie, die Sicherungen zu extrahieren und die Dateien manuell zurĂŒck zu kopieren. Behalten Sie die Dateiberechtigungen bei!</p>
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Letztes Update:
<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-iso_datetime">2022-02-04 16:51:15</span>
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