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Learn Spam or Ham from existing directory
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Reset learned data (Bayes, Neural)
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Whitelist specific ClamAV signatures
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Discard instead of reject
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<h1>Rspamd</h1>
<p>Rspamd is used for AV handling, DKIM signing and SPAM handling. It's a powerful and fast filter system. For a more in-depth documentation on Rspamd please visit its <a href="https://rspamd.com/doc/index.html">own documentation</a>.</p>
<h2 id="learn-spam-ham">Learn Spam &amp; Ham<a class="headerlink" href="#learn-spam-ham" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Rspamd learns mail as spam or ham when you move a message in or out of the junk folder to any mailbox besides trash.
This is achieved by using the Sieve plugin "sieve_imapsieve" and parser scripts.</p>
<p>Rspamd also auto-learns mail when a high or low score is detected (see <a href="https://rspamd.com/doc/configuration/statistic.html#autolearning">https://rspamd.com/doc/configuration/statistic.html#autolearning</a>). We configured the plugin to keep a sane ratio between spam and ham learns.</p>
<p>The bayes statistics are written to Redis as keys <code>BAYES_HAM</code> and <code>BAYES_SPAM</code>.</p>
<p>Besides bayes, a local fuzzy storage is used to learn recurring patterns in text or images that indicate ham or spam.</p>
<p>You can also use Rspamd's web UI to learn ham and / or spam or to adjust certain settings of Rspamd.</p>
<h3 id="learn-spam-or-ham-from-existing-directory">Learn Spam or Ham from existing directory<a class="headerlink" href="#learn-spam-or-ham-from-existing-directory" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>You can use a one-liner to learn mail in plain-text (uncompressed) format:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Ham</span>
<span class="k">for</span> file <span class="k">in</span> /my/folder/cur/*<span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">do</span> docker <span class="nb">exec</span> -i <span class="k">$(</span>docker-compose ps -q rspamd-mailcow<span class="k">)</span> rspamc learn_ham &lt; <span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">done</span>
<span class="c1"># Spam</span>
<span class="k">for</span> file <span class="k">in</span> /my/folder/.Junk/cur/*<span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">do</span> docker <span class="nb">exec</span> -i <span class="k">$(</span>docker-compose ps -q rspamd-mailcow<span class="k">)</span> rspamc learn_spam &lt; <span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">done</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Consider attaching a local folder as new volume to <code>rspamd-mailcow</code> in <code>docker-compose.yml</code> and learn given files inside the container. This can be used as workaround to parse compressed data with zcat. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">for</span> file <span class="k">in</span> /data/old_mail/.Junk/cur/*<span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">do</span> rspamc learn_spam &lt; zcat <span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">done</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="reset-learned-data-bayes-neural">Reset learned data (Bayes, Neural)<a class="headerlink" href="#reset-learned-data-bayes-neural" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>You need to delete keys in Redis to reset learned data, so create a copy of your Redis database now:</p>
<p><strong>Backup database</strong></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># It is better to stop Redis before you copy the file.</span>
cp /var/lib/docker/volumes/mailcowdockerized_redis-vol-1/_data/dump.rdb /root/
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>Reset Bayes data</strong></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose <span class="nb">exec</span> redis-mailcow sh -c <span class="s1">&#39;redis-cli --scan --pattern BAYES_* | xargs redis-cli del&#39;</span>
docker-compose <span class="nb">exec</span> redis-mailcow sh -c <span class="s1">&#39;redis-cli --scan --pattern RS* | xargs redis-cli del&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>Reset Neural data</strong></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose <span class="nb">exec</span> redis-mailcow sh -c <span class="s1">&#39;redis-cli --scan --pattern rn_* | xargs redis-cli del&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>Reset Fuzzy data</strong></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># We need to enter the redis-cli first:</span>
docker-compose <span class="nb">exec</span> redis-mailcow redis-cli
<span class="c1"># In redis-cli:</span>
<span class="m">127</span>.0.0.1:6379&gt; EVAL <span class="s2">&quot;for i, name in ipairs(redis.call(&#39;KEYS&#39;, ARGV[1])) do redis.call(&#39;DEL&#39;, name); end&quot;</span> <span class="m">0</span> fuzzy*
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>Info</strong></p>
<p>If redis-cli complains about...</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for &#39;del&#39; command
</code></pre></div>
<p>...the key pattern was not found and thus no data is available to delete - it is fine.</p>
<h2 id="cli-tools">CLI tools<a class="headerlink" href="#cli-tools" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose <span class="nb">exec</span> rspamd-mailcow rspamc --help
docker-compose <span class="nb">exec</span> rspamd-mailcow rspamadm --help
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="disable-greylisting">Disable Greylisting<a class="headerlink" href="#disable-greylisting" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Only messages with a higher score will be considered to be greylisted (soft rejected). It is bad practice to disable greylisting.</p>
<p>You can disable greylisting server-wide by editing:</p>
<p><code>{mailcow-dir}/data/conf/rspamd/local.d/greylist.conf</code></p>
<p>Add the line:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Save the file and restart "rspamd-mailcow": <code>docker-compose restart rspamd-mailcow</code></p>
<h2 id="spam-filter-thresholds-global">Spam filter thresholds (global)<a class="headerlink" href="#spam-filter-thresholds-global" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Each user is able to change <a href="https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamfilter/">their spam rating individually</a>. To define a new <strong>server-wide</strong> limit, edit <code>data/conf/rspamd/local.d/actions.conf</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">reject</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">add_header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">greylist</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Save the file and restart "rspamd-mailcow": <code>docker-compose restart rspamd-mailcow</code></p>
<p>Existing settings of users will not be overwritten!</p>
<p>To reset custom defined thresholds, run:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>source mailcow.conf
docker-compose exec mysql-mailcow mysql -umailcow -p$DBPASS mailcow -e &quot;delete from filterconf where option = &#39;highspamlevel&#39; or option = &#39;lowspamlevel&#39;;&quot;
# or:
# docker-compose exec mysql-mailcow mysql -umailcow -p$DBPASS mailcow -e &quot;delete from filterconf where option = &#39;highspamlevel&#39; or option = &#39;lowspamlevel&#39; and object = &#39;only-this-mailbox@example.org&#39;;&quot;
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="custom-reject-messages">Custom reject messages<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-reject-messages" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The default spam reject message can be changed by adding a new file <code>data/conf/rspamd/override.d/worker-proxy.custom.inc</code> with the following content:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>reject_message = &quot;My custom reject message&quot;;
</code></pre></div>
<p>Save the file and restart Rspamd: <code>docker-compose restart rspamd-mailcow</code>.</p>
<p>While the above works for rejected mails with a high spam score, prefilter reject actions will ignore this setting. For these maps, the multimap module in Rspamd needs to be adjusted:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Find prefilet reject symbol for which you want change message, to do it run: <code>grep -R "SYMBOL_YOU_WANT_TO_ADJUST" /opt/mailcow-dockerized/data/conf/rspamd/</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Add your custom message as new line:</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>GLOBAL_RCPT_BL {
type = &quot;rcpt&quot;;
map = &quot;${LOCAL_CONFDIR}/custom/global_rcpt_blacklist.map&quot;;
regexp = true;
prefilter = true;
action = &quot;reject&quot;;
message = &quot;Sending mail to this recipient is prohibited by postmaster@your.domain&quot;;
}
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>Save the file and restart Rspamd: <code>docker-compose restart rspamd-mailcow</code>.</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="whitelist-specific-clamav-signatures">Whitelist specific ClamAV signatures<a class="headerlink" href="#whitelist-specific-clamav-signatures" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>You may find that legitimate (clean) mail is being blocked by ClamAV (Rspamd will flag the mail with <code>VIRUS_FOUND</code>). For instance, interactive PDF form attachments are blocked by default because the embedded Javascript code may be used for nefarious purposes. Confirm by looking at the clamd logs, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose logs clamd-mailcow <span class="p">|</span> grep <span class="s2">&quot;FOUND&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>This line confirms that such was identified:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>clamd-mailcow_1 | Sat Sep 28 07:43:24 2019 -&gt; instream(local): PUA.Pdf.Trojan.EmbeddedJavaScript-1(e887d2ac324ce90750768b86b63d0749:363325) FOUND
</code></pre></div>
<p>To whitelist this particular signature (and enable sending this type of file attached), add it to the ClamAV signature whitelist file:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;PUA.Pdf.Trojan.EmbeddedJavaScript-1&#39;</span> &gt;&gt; data/conf/clamav/whitelist.ign2
</code></pre></div>
<p>Then restart the clamd-mailcow service container in the mailcow UI or using docker-compose:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose restart clamd-mailcow
</code></pre></div>
<p>Cleanup cached ClamAV results in Redis:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># docker-compose exec redis-mailcow /bin/sh
/data # redis-cli KEYS rs_cl* | xargs redis-cli DEL
/data # exit
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="discard-instead-of-reject">Discard instead of reject<a class="headerlink" href="#discard-instead-of-reject" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>If you want to silently drop a message, create or edit the file <code>data/conf/rspamd/override.d/worker-proxy.custom.inc</code> and add the following content:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>discard_on_reject = true;
</code></pre></div>
<p>Restart Rspamd:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose restart rspamd-mailcow
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="wipe-all-ratelimit-keys">Wipe all ratelimit keys<a class="headerlink" href="#wipe-all-ratelimit-keys" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>If you don't want to use the UI and instead wipe all keys in the Redis database, you can use redis-cli for that task:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose exec redis-mailcow sh
# Unlink (available in Redis &gt;=4.) will delete in the backgronud
redis-cli --scan --pattern RL* | xargs redis-cli unlink
</code></pre></div>
<p>Restart Rspamd:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose <span class="nb">exec</span> redis-mailcow sh
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="trigger-a-resend-of-quarantine-notifications">Trigger a resend of quarantine notifications<a class="headerlink" href="#trigger-a-resend-of-quarantine-notifications" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Should be used for debugging only!</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker-compose exec dovecot-mailcow bash
mysql -umailcow -p$DBPASS mailcow -e &quot;update quarantine set notified = 0;&quot;
redis-cli -h redis DEL Q_LAST_NOTIFIED
quarantine_notify.py
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="increase-history-retention">Increase history retention<a class="headerlink" href="#increase-history-retention" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>By default Rspamd keeps 1000 elements in the history.</p>
<p>The history is stored compressed.</p>
<p>It is recommended not to use a disproportionate high value here, try something along 5000 or 10000 and see how your server handles it:</p>
<p>Edit <code>data/conf/rspamd/local.d/history_redis.conf</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>nrows = 1000; # change this value
</code></pre></div>
<p>Restart Rspamd afterwards: <code>docker-compose restart rspamd-mailcow</code></p>
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