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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized-docs/edit/master/docs/backup_restore/b_n_r-coldstandby.de.md" title="Seite editieren" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z"/></svg>
</a>
<h1 id="cold-standby-backup">Cold-standby-Backup<a class="headerlink" href="#cold-standby-backup" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>mailcow bietet eine einfache Möglichkeit, eine konsistente Kopie von sich selbst zu erstellen, die per rsync an einen entfernten Ort ohne Ausfallzeit übertragen werden kann.</p>
<p>Dies kann auch verwendet werden, um Ihre mailcow auf einen neuen Server zu ĂĽbertragen.</p>
<h2 id="das-sollten-sie-wissen">Das sollten Sie wissen<a class="headerlink" href="#das-sollten-sie-wissen" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Das bereitgestellte Skript funktioniert auf Standardinstallationen.</p>
<p>Es kann kaputt gehen, wenn Sie nicht unterstĂĽtzte Volume Overrides verwenden. Wir unterstĂĽtzen das nicht und wir werden keine Hacks einbauen, die das unterstĂĽtzen. Bitte erstellen und pflegen Sie einen Fork, wenn Sie Ihre Ă„nderungen beibehalten wollen.</p>
<p>Das Skript wird <strong>die gleichen Pfade</strong> wie Ihre Standard-Mailcow-Installation verwenden. Das ist das mailcow-Basisverzeichnis - fĂĽr die meisten Nutzer <code>/opt/mailcow-dockerized</code> - sowie die Mountpoints.</p>
<p>Um die Pfade Ihrer Quellvolumes zu finden, verwenden wir <code>docker inspect</code> und lesen das Zielverzeichnis jedes Volumes, das mit Ihrem mailcow compose Projekt verbunden ist. Das bedeutet, dass wir auch Volumes übertragen, die Sie in einer Override-Datei hinzugefügt haben. Lokale Bind-Mounts können funktionieren, müssen aber nicht.</p>
<p>Die Verwendung von rsync mit dem <code>--delete</code> Flag. Das Ziel wird eine exakte Kopie der Quelle sein.</p>
<p><code>mariabackup</code> wird verwendet, um eine konsistente Kopie des SQL-Datenverzeichnisses zu erstellen.</p>
<p>Nach dem Rsync der Daten fĂĽhren wir <code>docker-compose pull</code> aus und entfernen alte Image-Tags aus dem Ziel.</p>
<p>Ihre Quelle wird zu keinem Zeitpunkt verändert.</p>
<p>**Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass Sie die gleiche <code>/etc/docker/daemon.json</code> auf dem entfernten Ziel verwenden.</p>
<p>Sie sollten keine Festplatten-Snapshots (z. B. über ZFS, LVM usw.) auf dem Ziel ausführen, während dieses Skript ausgeführt wird.</p>
<p>Die Versionierung ist nicht Teil dieses Skripts, wir verlassen uns auf das Ziel (Snapshots oder Backups). Sie können dafür auch jedes andere Tool verwenden.</p>
<h2 id="vorbereiten">Vorbereiten<a class="headerlink" href="#vorbereiten" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Sie benötigen ein SSH-fähiges Ziel und eine Schlüsseldatei, um sich mit diesem Ziel zu verbinden. Der Schlüssel sollte nicht durch ein Passwort geschützt sein, damit das Skript unbeaufsichtigt arbeiten kann.</p>
<p>In Ihrem mailcow-Basisverzeichnis, z.B. <code>/opt/mailcow-dockerized</code>, finden Sie eine Datei <code>create_cold_standby.sh</code>.</p>
<p>Bearbeiten Sie diese Datei und ändern Sie die exportierten Variablen:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>export REMOTE_SSH_KEY=/pfad/zur/keyfile
export REMOTE_SSH_PORT=22
export REMOTE_SSH_HOST=mailcow-backup.host.name
</code></pre></div>
<p>Der Schlüssel muss im Besitz von root sein und darf nur von diesem gelesen werden können.</p>
<p>Sowohl die Quelle als auch das Ziel benötigen <code>rsync</code> &gt;= v3.1.0.
Das Ziel muss ĂĽber Docker und docker-compose <strong>v1</strong> verfĂĽgen.</p>
<p>Das Skript wird Fehler automatisch erkennen und sich beenden.</p>
<p>Sie können die Verbindung testen, indem Sie <code>ssh mailcow-backup.host.name -p22 -i /path/to/keyfile</code> ausführen.</p>
<h2 id="backup-und-aktualisierung-des-cold-standby">Backup und Aktualisierung des Cold-Standby<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-und-aktualisierung-des-cold-standby" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Starten Sie das erste Backup, dies kann je nach Verbindung eine Weile dauern:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh
</code></pre></div>
<p>Das war einfach, nicht wahr?</p>
<p>Das Aktualisieren des Cold-Standby ist genauso einfach:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh
</code></pre></div>
<p>Es ist derselbe Befehl.</p>
<h2 id="automatisierte-backups-mit-cron">Automatisierte Backups mit cron<a class="headerlink" href="#automatisierte-backups-mit-cron" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Stellen Sie zunächst sicher, dass der <code>cron</code> Dienst aktiviert ist und läuft:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>systemctl enable cron.service &amp;&amp; systemctl start cron.service
</code></pre></div>
<p>Um die Backups auf dem Cold-Standby-Server zu automatisieren, können Sie einen Cron-Job verwenden. Um die Cron-Jobs für den Root-Benutzer zu bearbeiten, führen Sie aus:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>crontab -e
</code></pre></div>
<p>Fügen Sie die folgenden Zeilen hinzu, um den Cold-Standby-Server täglich um 03:00 Uhr zu synchronisieren. In diesem Beispiel werden Fehler der letzten Ausführung in einer Datei protokolliert.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
0 3 * * * bash /opt/mailcow-dockerized/create_cold_standby.sh 2&gt; /var/log/mailcow-coldstandby-sync.log
</code></pre></div>
<p>Wenn korrekt gespeichert, sollte der Cron-Job durch Eingabe angezeigt werden:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>crontab -l
</code></pre></div>
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<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-iso_datetime">2022-01-30 15:17:22</span>
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