mailcow-dockerized-docs/third_party-exchange_onprem/index.html

2510 Zeilen
Kein EOL
56 KiB
HTML

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/third_party-exchange_onprem/">
<link rel="icon" href="../images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.2.3, mkdocs-material-8.1.4">
<title>Exchange Hybrid Setup - mailcow: dockerized documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/main.bb3983ee.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/palette.e6a45f82.min.css">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,400i,700%7CRoboto+Mono&display=fallback">
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../extra.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("..",location),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
</head>
<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="" data-md-color-primary="none" data-md-color-accent="none">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
<a href="#requirements" class="md-skip">
Skip to content
</a>
</div>
<div data-md-component="announce">
</div>
<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="Header">
<a href=".." title="mailcow: dockerized documentation" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="mailcow: dockerized documentation" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
mailcow: dockerized documentation
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Exchange Hybrid Setup
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12z"/></svg>
</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="Search">
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" aria-label="Clear" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
Initializing search
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M439.55 236.05 244 40.45a28.87 28.87 0 0 0-40.81 0l-40.66 40.63 51.52 51.52c27.06-9.14 52.68 16.77 43.39 43.68l49.66 49.66c34.23-11.8 61.18 31 35.47 56.69-26.49 26.49-70.21-2.87-56-37.34L240.22 199v121.85c25.3 12.54 22.26 41.85 9.08 55a34.34 34.34 0 0 1-48.55 0c-17.57-17.6-11.07-46.91 11.25-56v-123c-20.8-8.51-24.6-30.74-18.64-45L142.57 101 8.45 235.14a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 0 40.81l195.61 195.6a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 40.8 0l194.69-194.69a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 0-40.81z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
mailcow/mailcow-dockerized
</div>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href=".." title="mailcow: dockerized documentation" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="mailcow: dockerized documentation" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
</a>
mailcow: dockerized documentation
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M439.55 236.05 244 40.45a28.87 28.87 0 0 0-40.81 0l-40.66 40.63 51.52 51.52c27.06-9.14 52.68 16.77 43.39 43.68l49.66 49.66c34.23-11.8 61.18 31 35.47 56.69-26.49 26.49-70.21-2.87-56-37.34L240.22 199v121.85c25.3 12.54 22.26 41.85 9.08 55a34.34 34.34 0 0 1-48.55 0c-17.57-17.6-11.07-46.91 11.25-56v-123c-20.8-8.51-24.6-30.74-18.64-45L142.57 101 8.45 235.14a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 0 40.81l195.61 195.6a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 40.8 0l194.69-194.69a28.86 28.86 0 0 0 0-40.81z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
mailcow/mailcow-dockerized
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
Information & Support
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_2" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2">
Prerequisites
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Prerequisites" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Prerequisites
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../prerequisite-system/" class="md-nav__link">
Prepare your system
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../prerequisite-dns/" class="md-nav__link">
DNS setup
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3">
Installation, Update & Migration
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Installation, Update & Migration" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Installation, Update & Migration
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../i_u_m_install/" class="md-nav__link">
Installation
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../i_u_m_update/" class="md-nav__link">
Update
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../i_u_m_migration/" class="md-nav__link">
Migration
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../i_u_m_deinstall/" class="md-nav__link">
Deinstallation
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4">
Post Installation Tasks
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Post Installation Tasks" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Post Installation Tasks
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-ssl/" class="md-nav__link">
Advanced SSL
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-disable_ipv6/" class="md-nav__link">
Disable IPv6
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-dmarc_reporting/" class="md-nav__link">
DMARC Reporting
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-ip_bindings/" class="md-nav__link">
IP bindings
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-local_mta/" class="md-nav__link">
Local MTA on Docker host
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-logging/" class="md-nav__link">
Logging
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-rp/" class="md-nav__link">
Reverse Proxy
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-rspamd_ui/" class="md-nav__link">
Rspamd UI
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-snat/" class="md-nav__link">
SNAT
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../firststeps-sync_jobs_migration/" class="md-nav__link">
Sync job migration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_5" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5">
Models
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Models" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Models
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../model-acl/" class="md-nav__link">
ACL
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../model-passwd/" class="md-nav__link">
Password hashing
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../model-sender_rcv/" class="md-nav__link">
Sender and receiver model
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_6" type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6">
General Troubleshooting
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="General Troubleshooting" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
General Troubleshooting
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug/" class="md-nav__link">
Introduction
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-admin_login_sogo/" class="md-nav__link">
Admin login to SOGo
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-asan_rspamd/" class="md-nav__link">
Advanced: Find memory leaks in Rspamd
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-attach_service/" class="md-nav__link">
Attach a Container
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-common_problems/" class="md-nav__link">
Common Problems
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-logs/" class="md-nav__link">
Logs
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-mysql_upgrade/" class="md-nav__link">
Manual MySQL upgrade
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-mysql_aria/" class="md-nav__link">
Recover crashed Aria storage engine
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-rm_volumes/" class="md-nav__link">
Remove Persistent Data
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-reset_pw/" class="md-nav__link">
Reset Passwords (incl. SQL)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../debug-reset_tls/" class="md-nav__link">
Reset TLS certificates
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_7" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7">
Backup & Restore
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Backup & Restore" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Backup & Restore
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_7_1" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7_1" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7_1">
Component backup
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Component backup" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Component backup
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-backup/" class="md-nav__link">
Backup
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-restore/" class="md-nav__link">
Restore
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-coldstandby/" class="md-nav__link">
Cold-standby (rolling backup)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_7_3" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7_3">
Manual backups
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Manual backups" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Manual backups
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-backup_restore-maildir/" class="md-nav__link">
Maildir
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-backup_restore-mysql/" class="md-nav__link">
MySQL (mysqldump)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_7_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7_4">
mailcow-internal backups
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="mailcow-internal backups" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
mailcow-internal backups
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../b_n_r-accidental_deletion/" class="md-nav__link">
Recover accidentally deleted data
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8">
Manual/Guides/Examples
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Manual/Guides/Examples" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Manual/Guides/Examples
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_1" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_1" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_1">
mailcow UI
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="mailcow UI" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
mailcow UI
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-mailcow_ui-bl_wl/" class="md-nav__link">
Blacklist / Whitelist
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-mailcow_ui-config/" class="md-nav__link">
Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-mailcow_ui-css/" class="md-nav__link">
CSS overrides
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-mailcow_ui-pushover/" class="md-nav__link">
Pushover
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-mailcow_ui-spamfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
Spamfilter
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-mailcow_ui-tagging/" class="md-nav__link">
Tagging
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-mailcow_ui-spamalias/" class="md-nav__link">
Temporary email aliases
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-mailcow_ui-tfa/" class="md-nav__link">
Two-Factor Authentication
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-fido2/" class="md-nav__link">
WebAuthn / FIDO2
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_2" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_2">
Postfix
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Postfix" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Postfix
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-postfix-trust_networks/" class="md-nav__link">
Add trusted networks
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-postfix-custom_transport/" class="md-nav__link">
Custom transport maps
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-postfix-extra_cf/" class="md-nav__link">
Customize/Expand main.cf
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-postfix-disable_sender_verification/" class="md-nav__link">
Disable Sender Addresses Verification
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-postfix-attachment_size/" class="md-nav__link">
Max. message size (attachment size)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-postfix-relayhost/" class="md-nav__link">
Relayhosts
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-postfix-pflogsumm/" class="md-nav__link">
Statistics with pflogsumm
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-postfix-postscreen_whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
Whitelist IP in Postscreen
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_3" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_3">
Unbound
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Unbound" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Unbound
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-unbound-fwd/" class="md-nav__link">
Using an external DNS service
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_4">
Dovecot
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Dovecot" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Dovecot
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-extra_conf/" class="md-nav__link">
Customize/Expand dovecot.conf
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-any_acl/" class="md-nav__link">
Enable "any" ACL settings
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-expunge/" class="md-nav__link">
Expunge a Users mails
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-fts/" class="md-nav__link">
FTS (Solr)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-idle_interval/" class="md-nav__link">
IMAP IDLE interval
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-mail-crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
Mail crypt
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-more/" class="md-nav__link">
More Examples with DOVEADM
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-vmail-volume/" class="md-nav__link">
Move Maildir (vmail)
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-public_folder/" class="md-nav__link">
Public folders
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-static_master/" class="md-nav__link">
Static master user
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-dovecot-catchall_vacation/" class="md-nav__link">
Vacation replies for catchall addresses
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_5" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_5">
Nginx
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Nginx" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Nginx
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-webmail-site/" class="md-nav__link">
Create subdomain webmail.example.org
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-nginx/" class="md-nav__link">
Custom sites
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_6" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_6" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_6">
Watchdog
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Watchdog" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Watchdog
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-watchdog-thresholds/" class="md-nav__link">
Thresholds
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-redis/" class="md-nav__link">
Redis
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-rspamd/" class="md-nav__link">
Rspamd
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-sogo/" class="md-nav__link">
SOGo
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_10" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_10" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_10">
Docker
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Docker" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Docker
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-docker-cust_dockerfiles/" class="md-nav__link">
Customize Dockerfiles
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-docker-dc_bash_compl/" class="md-nav__link">
Docker Compose Bash Completion
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-why_unbound/" class="md-nav__link">
Why unbound?
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-autodiscover_config/" class="md-nav__link">
Autodiscover / Autoconfig
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-80_to_443/" class="md-nav__link">
Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-reeanble-weak-protocols/" class="md-nav__link">
Re-enable TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../u_e-update-hooks/" class="md-nav__link">
Run scripts before and after updates
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_9" type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9">
Client Configuration
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Client Configuration" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Client Configuration
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/" class="md-nav__link">
Overview
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-android/" class="md-nav__link">
Android
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-apple/" class="md-nav__link">
Apple macOS / iOS
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-emclient/" class="md-nav__link">
eM Client
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-kontact/" class="md-nav__link">
KDE Kontact
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-outlook/" class="md-nav__link">
Microsoft Outlook
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-thunderbird/" class="md-nav__link">
Mozilla Thunderbird
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-windows/" class="md-nav__link">
Windows Mail
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-windowsphone/" class="md-nav__link">
Windows Phone
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../client/client-manual/" class="md-nav__link">
Manual configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_10" type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" checked>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10">
Third party apps
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Third party apps" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Third party apps
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../third_party-borgmatic/" class="md-nav__link">
Borgmatic Backup
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="toc" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
Exchange Hybrid Setup
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
Exchange Hybrid Setup
</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#requirements" class="md-nav__link">
Requirements
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#set-up-the-mailcow" class="md-nav__link">
Set up the mailcow
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#set-up-connectors-in-exchange" class="md-nav__link">
Set up Connectors in Exchange
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#validating" class="md-nav__link">
Validating
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Validating">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#common-issues" class="md-nav__link">
Common Issues
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../third_party-gitea/" class="md-nav__link">
Gitea
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../third_party-gogs/" class="md-nav__link">
Gogs
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../third_party-mailman3/" class="md-nav__link">
Mailman 3
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../third_party-mailpiler_integration/" class="md-nav__link">
Mailpiler Integration
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../third_party-nextcloud/" class="md-nav__link">
Nextcloud
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../third_party-portainer/" class="md-nav__link">
Portainer
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../third_party-roundcube/" class="md-nav__link">
Roundcube
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#requirements" class="md-nav__link">
Requirements
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#set-up-the-mailcow" class="md-nav__link">
Set up the mailcow
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#set-up-connectors-in-exchange" class="md-nav__link">
Set up Connectors in Exchange
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#validating" class="md-nav__link">
Validating
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Validating">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#common-issues" class="md-nav__link">
Common Issues
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized-docs/edit/master/docs/third_party-exchange_onprem.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z"/></svg>
</a>
<h1>Exchange Hybrid Setup</h1>
<p>Using Microsoft Exchange in a hybrid setup is possible with mailcow. With this setup you can add mailboxes on your mailcow and still use <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/exchange-online-protection-overview?view=o365-worldwide">Exchange Online Protection</a>.
<strong>All mailboxes setup in Exchange will receive their mails as usual</strong>, while with the hybrid approach additional Mailboxes can be setup in mailcow without any further configuration.</p>
<p>This setup becomes very handy if you have enabled the <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/concept-fundamentals-security-defaults">Office 365 security defaults</a> and third party applications can no longer login into your mailboxes by any of the <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/exchange/mail-flow-best-practices/how-to-set-up-a-multifunction-device-or-application-to-send-email-using-microsoft-365-or-office-365">supported methods</a>.</p>
<h2 id="requirements">Requirements<a class="headerlink" href="#requirements" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>The mx Record of your domain needs to point at the Exchange mail service. Log into your Admin center and look out for the dns settings of your domain to find your personalized gateway domain. It should look like this <code>contoso-com.mail.protection.outlook.com</code>. Contact your domain registrant to get further information on how to change mx record.</li>
<li>The domain you want to have additional mailboxes for must be setup as <code>internal relay domain</code> in Exchange.<ol>
<li>Log in to your <a href="https://admin.exchange.microsoft.com">Exchange Admin Center</a></li>
<li>Select the <code>mail flow</code> pane and click on <code>accepted domains</code></li>
<li>Select the domain and switch it from <code>authorative</code> to <code>internal relay</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="set-up-the-mailcow">Set up the mailcow<a class="headerlink" href="#set-up-the-mailcow" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Your mailcow needs to relay all mails to your personalized Exchange Host. It is the same host address we already looked up for the mx Record.</p>
<ol>
<li>Add the domain to your mailcow</li>
<li><a href="../u_e-postfix-relayhost">Add your personalized Exchange Host address as relayhost</a></li>
<li>Add your personalized Exchange Host address as forwarding host to unconditionally accepted all relayed mails from Exchange. (Admin &gt; Configuration &amp; Details &gt; Configuration Dropdown &gt; Forwarding Hosts)</li>
<li>Go to the domain settings and select the newly added host on the <code>Sender-dependent transports</code> dropdown. Enable relaying by ticking the <code>Relay this domain</code>, <code>Relay all recipients</code> and the <code>Relay non-existing mailboxes only.</code> checkboxes</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">Info</p>
<p>From now on your mailcow will accept all mails relayed from Exchange. The <strong>inbound filtering and so the neural learning of your cow will no longer work</strong>. Because all mails are routed through Exchange the <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/exchange/antispam-and-antimalware/antispam-and-antimalware?view=exchserver-2019">filtering process is handled there</a>.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="set-up-connectors-in-exchange">Set up Connectors in Exchange<a class="headerlink" href="#set-up-connectors-in-exchange" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>All mail traffic now goes through Exchange. At this point the Exchange Online Protection already filters all incoming and outgoing mails. Now we need to set up two connectors to relay incoming mails from our Exchange Service to the mailcow and another one to allow mails relayed from the mailcow to our exchange service. You can follow the <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/exchange/mail-flow-best-practices/use-connectors-to-configure-mail-flow/set-up-connectors-to-route-mail#2-set-up-a-connector-from-microsoft-365-or-office-365-to-your-email-server">official guide from Microsoft</a>.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>For the connector that handles mails from your mailcow to Exchange Microsoft offers two ways of authenticating it. The recommended way is to use a tls certificate configured with a subject name that matches an accepted domain in Exchange. Otherwise you need to choose authentication with the static ip address of your mailcow.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="validating">Validating<a class="headerlink" href="#validating" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The easiest way to validate the hybrid setup is by sending a mail from the internet to a mailbox that only exists on the mailcow and vice versa.</p>
<h3 id="common-issues">Common Issues<a class="headerlink" href="#common-issues" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>The connector validation from Exchange to your mailcow failed with <code>550 5.1.10 RESOLVER.ADR.RecipientNotFound; Recipient test@contoso.com not found by SMTP address lookup</code><br />
<strong>Possible Solution:</strong> Your domain is not set up as <code>internal relay</code>. Exchange therefore cannot find the recipient</li>
<li>Mails sent from the mailcow to a mailbox in the internet cannot be sent. Non Delivery Report with error <code>550 5.7.64 TenantAttribution; Relay Access Denied</code><br />
<strong>Possible Solution:</strong> The authentication method failed. Make sure the certificate subject matches an accepted domain in Exchange. Try authenticating by static ip instead.</li>
</ul>
<p>Microsoft Guide for the connector setup and additional requirements: <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/exchange/mail-flow-best-practices/use-connectors-to-configure-mail-flow/set-up-connectors-to-route-mail#prerequisites-for-your-on-premises-email-environment">https://docs.microsoft.com/exchange/mail-flow-best-practices/use-connectors-to-configure-mail-flow/set-up-connectors-to-route-mail#prerequisites-for-your-on-premises-email-environment</a></p>
</article>
</div>
</div>
<a href="#" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" data-md-state="hidden">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12z"/></svg>
Back to top
</a>
</main>
<footer class="md-footer">
<nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label="Footer">
<a href="../third_party-borgmatic/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: Borgmatic Backup" rel="prev">
<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-footer__title">
<div class="md-ellipsis">
<span class="md-footer__direction">
Previous
</span>
Borgmatic Backup
</div>
</div>
</a>
<a href="../third_party-gitea/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="Next: Gitea" rel="next">
<div class="md-footer__title">
<div class="md-ellipsis">
<span class="md-footer__direction">
Next
</span>
Gitea
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4z"/></svg>
</div>
</a>
</nav>
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-copyright">
<div class="md-copyright__highlight">
Copyright &copy; 2021 André Peters
</div>
Made with
<a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
Material for MkDocs
</a>
</div>
<div class="md-social">
<a href="https://mailcow.email" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="mailcow.email" class="md-social__link">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><path d="M248 8C111.03 8 0 119.03 0 256s111.03 248 248 248 248-111.03 248-248S384.97 8 248 8zm82.29 357.6c-3.9 3.88-7.99 7.95-11.31 11.28-2.99 3-5.1 6.7-6.17 10.71-1.51 5.66-2.73 11.38-4.77 16.87l-17.39 46.85c-13.76 3-28 4.69-42.65 4.69v-27.38c1.69-12.62-7.64-36.26-22.63-51.25-6-6-9.37-14.14-9.37-22.63v-32.01c0-11.64-6.27-22.34-16.46-27.97-14.37-7.95-34.81-19.06-48.81-26.11-11.48-5.78-22.1-13.14-31.65-21.75l-.8-.72a114.792 114.792 0 0 1-18.06-20.74c-9.38-13.77-24.66-36.42-34.59-51.14 20.47-45.5 57.36-82.04 103.2-101.89l24.01 12.01C203.48 89.74 216 82.01 216 70.11v-11.3c7.99-1.29 16.12-2.11 24.39-2.42l28.3 28.3c6.25 6.25 6.25 16.38 0 22.63L264 112l-10.34 10.34c-3.12 3.12-3.12 8.19 0 11.31l4.69 4.69c3.12 3.12 3.12 8.19 0 11.31l-8 8a8.008 8.008 0 0 1-5.66 2.34h-8.99c-2.08 0-4.08.81-5.58 2.27l-9.92 9.65a8.008 8.008 0 0 0-1.58 9.31l15.59 31.19c2.66 5.32-1.21 11.58-7.15 11.58h-5.64c-1.93 0-3.79-.7-5.24-1.96l-9.28-8.06a16.017 16.017 0 0 0-15.55-3.1l-31.17 10.39a11.95 11.95 0 0 0-8.17 11.34c0 4.53 2.56 8.66 6.61 10.69l11.08 5.54c9.41 4.71 19.79 7.16 30.31 7.16s22.59 27.29 32 32h66.75c8.49 0 16.62 3.37 22.63 9.37l13.69 13.69a30.503 30.503 0 0 1 8.93 21.57 46.536 46.536 0 0 1-13.72 32.98zM417 274.25c-5.79-1.45-10.84-5-14.15-9.97l-17.98-26.97a23.97 23.97 0 0 1 0-26.62l19.59-29.38c2.32-3.47 5.5-6.29 9.24-8.15l12.98-6.49C440.2 193.59 448 223.87 448 256c0 8.67-.74 17.16-1.82 25.54L417 274.25z"/></svg>
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/mailcow" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 480 512"><path d="M186.1 328.7c0 20.9-10.9 55.1-36.7 55.1s-36.7-34.2-36.7-55.1 10.9-55.1 36.7-55.1 36.7 34.2 36.7 55.1zM480 278.2c0 31.9-3.2 65.7-17.5 95-37.9 76.6-142.1 74.8-216.7 74.8-75.8 0-186.2 2.7-225.6-74.8-14.6-29-20.2-63.1-20.2-95 0-41.9 13.9-81.5 41.5-113.6-5.2-15.8-7.7-32.4-7.7-48.8 0-21.5 4.9-32.3 14.6-51.8 45.3 0 74.3 9 108.8 36 29-6.9 58.8-10 88.7-10 27 0 54.2 2.9 80.4 9.2 34-26.7 63-35.2 107.8-35.2 9.8 19.5 14.6 30.3 14.6 51.8 0 16.4-2.6 32.7-7.7 48.2 27.5 32.4 39 72.3 39 114.2zm-64.3 50.5c0-43.9-26.7-82.6-73.5-82.6-18.9 0-37 3.4-56 6-14.9 2.3-29.8 3.2-45.1 3.2-15.2 0-30.1-.9-45.1-3.2-18.7-2.6-37-6-56-6-46.8 0-73.5 38.7-73.5 82.6 0 87.8 80.4 101.3 150.4 101.3h48.2c70.3 0 150.6-13.4 150.6-101.3zm-82.6-55.1c-25.8 0-36.7 34.2-36.7 55.1s10.9 55.1 36.7 55.1 36.7-34.2 36.7-55.1-10.9-55.1-36.7-55.1z"/></svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div>
</div>
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.top", "navigation.tracking"], "translations": {"clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "search.config.lang": "en", "search.config.pipeline": "trimmer, stopWordFilter", "search.config.separator": "[\\s\\-]+", "search.placeholder": "Search", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version.title": "Select version"}, "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.361d90f1.min.js"}</script>
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.289a2a4b.min.js"></script>
<script src="../clients.js"></script>
</body>
</html>