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Systemvoraussetzungen
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Systemvoraussetzungen
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Minimale Systemressourcen
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7_4">
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Interne mailcow Sicherungen
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Interne mailcow Sicherungen" data-md-level="2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Interne mailcow Sicherungen
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Versehentlich gelöschte Daten wiederherstellen
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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Anleitungen/Beispiele
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|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Anleitungen/Beispiele" data-md-level="1">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Anleitungen/Beispiele
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_1" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_1" >
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_1">
|
|
mailcow UI
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="mailcow UI" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_1">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
mailcow UI
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-bl_wl/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Blacklist / Whitelist
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-config/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Konfiguration
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-css/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
CSS-Ăberschreibungen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-pushover/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Pushover
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamfilter/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Spamfilter
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tagging/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Tagging (Markierungen)
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamalias/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
TemporÀre E-Mail-Aliase
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tfa/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Zwei-Faktoren-Authentifizierung
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-fido/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
WebAuthn / FIDO2
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_2" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_2" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_2">
|
|
Postfix
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Postfix" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_2">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Postfix
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-trust_networks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
VertrauenswĂŒrdige Netzwerke hinzufĂŒgen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-custom_transport/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Benutzerdefinierte Transportmaps
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-extra_cf/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
main.cf anpassen/erweitern
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-disable_sender_verification/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
ĂberprĂŒfung der Absenderadressen deaktivieren
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-attachment_size/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Maximale NachrichtengröĂe (GröĂe des Anhangs)
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-relayhost/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Relayhosts
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-pflogsumm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Statistik mit pflogsumm
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-postscreen_whitelist/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
IP in Postscreen auf die Whitelist setzen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_3" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_3" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_3">
|
|
Unbound
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Unbound" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_3">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Unbound
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Unbound/u_e-unbound-fwd/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Verwendung eines externen DNS-Dienstes
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_4" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_4" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_4">
|
|
Dovecot
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Dovecot" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_4">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Dovecot
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-extra_conf/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Anpassen/Erweitern von dovecot.conf
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-any_acl/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Aktivierung von "any" ACL-Einstellungen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-expunge/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Löschen der Mails eines Benutzers
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-fts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
FTS (Solr)
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-idle_interval/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
IMAP IDLE-Intervall
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-mail-crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Mail crypt
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-more/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Weitere Beispiele mit DOVEADM
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-vmail-volume/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Maildir verschieben (vmail)
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-public_folder/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Ăffentliche Ordner
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-static_master/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Statischer Hauptbenutzer
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-catchall_vacation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Urlaubsantworten fĂŒr Catchall-Adressen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_5" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_5" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_5">
|
|
Nginx
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Nginx" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_5">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Nginx
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_webmail-site/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
SubdomÀne webmail.example.org erstellen
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_custom/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Benutzerdefinierte Seiten
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_6" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_6" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_6">
|
|
Watchdog
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Watchdog" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8_6">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Watchdog
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Watchdog/u_e-watchdog-thresholds/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Thresholds
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Redis/u_e-redis/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Redis
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/Rspamd/u_e-rspamd/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Rspamd
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../manual-guides/SOGo/u_e-sogo/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
SOGo
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_8_10" type="checkbox" id="__nav_8_10" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8_10">
|
|
Docker
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
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<a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized-docs/edit/master/docs/prerequisite/prerequisite-system.de.md" title="Seite editieren" class="md-content__button md-icon">
|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z"/></svg>
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<h1>Systemvoraussetzungen</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>Bevor Sie <strong>mailcow: dockerized</strong> ausfĂŒhren, sollten Sie einige Voraussetzungen ĂŒberprĂŒfen:</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition warning">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
|
<p>Versuchen Sie <strong>nicht</strong>, mailcow auf einem Synology/QNAP-GerĂ€t (jedes NAS), OpenVZ, LXC oder anderen Container-Plattformen zu installieren. KVM, ESX, Hyper-V und andere vollstĂ€ndige Virtualisierungsplattformen werden unterstĂŒtzt.</p>
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="admonition info">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Info</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>mailcow: dockerized erfordert, dass <a href="#standard-ports">einige Ports</a> fĂŒr eingehende Verbindungen offen sind, also stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihre Firewall diese nicht blockiert.</li>
|
|
<li>Stellen Sie sicher, dass keine andere Anwendung die Konfiguration von mailcow stört, wie z.B. ein anderer Maildienst</li>
|
|
<li>Ein korrektes DNS-Setup ist entscheidend fĂŒr jedes gute Mailserver-Setup, also stellen Sie bitte sicher, dass Sie zumindest die <a href="../prerequisite-dns/#die-minimale-dns-konfiguration">basics</a> abgedeckt haben, bevor Sie beginnen!</li>
|
|
<li>Stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihr System ein korrektes Datum und eine korrekte <a href="#datum-und-uhrzeit">Zeiteinstellung</a> hat. Dies ist entscheidend fĂŒr verschiedene Komponenten wie die Zwei-Faktor-TOTP-Authentifizierung.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="minimale-systemressourcen">Minimale Systemressourcen<a class="headerlink" href="#minimale-systemressourcen" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p><strong>OpenVZ, Virtuozzo und LXC werden nicht unterstĂŒtzt</strong>.</p>
|
|
<p>Bitte stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihr System mindestens ĂŒber die folgenden Ressourcen verfĂŒgt:</p>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Ressource</th>
|
|
<th>mailcow: dockerized</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>CPU</td>
|
|
<td>1 GHz</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>RAM</td>
|
|
<td><strong>Minimum</strong> 6 GiB + 1 GiB Swap (Standardkonfiguration)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Festplatte</td>
|
|
<td>20 GiB (ohne Emails)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Systemtyp</td>
|
|
<td>x86_64</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Wir empfehlen, jede Distribution zu verwenden, die von Docker CE unterstĂŒtzt wird (siehe <a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">https://docs.docker.com/install/</a>). Wir testen auf CentOS 7, Debian 10/11 und Ubuntu 18.04/20.04.</p>
|
|
<p>ClamAV und Solr können gierig nach RAM sein. Sie können diese in der <code>mailcow.conf</code> durch die Einstellungen <code>SKIP_CLAMD=y</code> und <code>SKIP_SOLR=y</code> deaktivieren.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Info</strong>: Wir sind uns bewusst, dass ein reiner MTA auf 128 MiB RAM laufen kann. mailcow ist eine ausgewachsene und gebrauchsfertige Groupware mit vielen Extras, die das Leben einfacher machen. mailcow kommt mit einem Webserver, Webmailer, ActiveSync (MS), Antivirus, Antispam, Indexierung (Solr), Dokumentenscanner (Oletools), SQL (MariaDB), Cache (Redis), MDA, MTA, verschiedenen Webdiensten etc.</p>
|
|
<p>Ein einzelner SOGo-Worker <strong>kann</strong> ~350 MiB RAM belegen, bevor er geleert wird. Je mehr ActiveSync-Verbindungen Sie verwenden möchten, desto mehr RAM wird benötigt. In der Standardkonfiguration werden 20 Arbeiter erzeugt.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="beispiele-fur-die-verwendung">Beispiele fĂŒr die Verwendung<a class="headerlink" href="#beispiele-fur-die-verwendung" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
|
<p>Ein Unternehmen mit 15 Telefonen (EAS aktiviert) und etwa 50 gleichzeitigen IMAP-Verbindungen sollte 16 GiB RAM einplanen.</p>
|
|
<p>6 GiB RAM + 1 GiB Swap sind fĂŒr die meisten privaten Installationen ausreichend, wĂ€hrend 8 GiB RAM fĂŒr ~5 bis 10 Benutzer empfohlen werden.</p>
|
|
<p>Im Rahmen unseres Supports können wir Ihnen bei der korrekten Planung Ihres Setups helfen.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="firewall-ports">Firewall & Ports<a class="headerlink" href="#firewall-ports" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Bitte ĂŒberprĂŒfen Sie, ob alle Standard-Ports von mailcow offen sind und nicht von anderen Anwendungen genutzt werden:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>ss -tlpn | grep -E -w '25|80|110|143|443|465|587|993|995|4190'
|
|
# oder:
|
|
netstat -tulpn | grep -E -w '25|80|110|143|443|465|587|993|995|4190'
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="admonition warnung">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Warnung</p>
|
|
<p>Es gibt einige Probleme mit dem Betrieb von mailcow auf einem Firewalld/ufw aktivierten System. Sie sollten es deaktivieren (wenn möglich) und stattdessen Ihren Regelsatz in die DOCKER-USER-Kette verschieben, die nicht durch einen Neustart des Docker-Dienstes gelöscht wird. Siehe <a href="https://blog.donnex.net/docker-and-iptables-filtering/">diese (blog.donnex.net)</a> oder <a href="https://unrouted.io/2017/08/15/docker-firewall/">diese (unrouted.io)</a> Anleitung fĂŒr Informationen darĂŒber, wie man iptables-persistent mit der DOCKER-USER Kette benutzt.
|
|
Da mailcow im Docker-Modus lÀuft, haben INPUT-Regeln keinen Effekt auf die BeschrÀnkung des Zugriffs auf mailcow. Verwenden Sie stattdessen die FORWARD-Kette.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Wenn dieser Befehl irgendwelche Ergebnisse liefert, entfernen oder stoppen Sie bitte die Anwendung, die auf diesem Port lĂ€uft. Sie können mailcows Ports auch ĂŒber die Konfigurationsdatei <code>mailcow.conf</code> anpassen.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="standard-ports">Standard Ports<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-ports" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Wenn Sie eine Firewall vor mailcow haben, stellen Sie bitte sicher, dass diese Ports fĂŒr eingehende Verbindungen offen sind:</p>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Dienst</th>
|
|
<th align="center">Protokoll</th>
|
|
<th align="left">Port</th>
|
|
<th align="left">Container</th>
|
|
<th>Variable</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Postfix SMTP</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">25</td>
|
|
<td align="left">postfix-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${SMTP_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Postfix SMTPS</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">465</td>
|
|
<td align="left">postfix-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${SMTPS_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Postfix Submission</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">587</td>
|
|
<td align="left">postfix-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${SUBMISSION_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot IMAP</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">143</td>
|
|
<td align="left">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${IMAP_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot IMAPS</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">993</td>
|
|
<td align="left">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${IMAPS_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot POP3</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">110</td>
|
|
<td align="left">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${POP_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot POP3S</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">995</td>
|
|
<td align="left">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${POPS_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Dovecot ManageSieve</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">4190</td>
|
|
<td align="left">dovecot-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${SIEVE_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>HTTP(S)</td>
|
|
<td align="center">TCP</td>
|
|
<td align="left">80/443</td>
|
|
<td align="left">nginx-mailcow</td>
|
|
<td><code>${HTTP_PORT}</code> / <code>${HTTPS_PORT}</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>Um einen Dienst an eine IP-Adresse zu binden, können Sie die IP-Adresse wie folgt voranstellen: <code>SMTP_PORT=1.2.3.4:25</code></p>
|
|
<p><strong>Wichtig</strong>: Sie können keine IP:PORT-Bindungen in HTTP_PORT und HTTPS_PORT verwenden. Bitte verwenden Sie stattdessen <code>HTTP_PORT=1234</code> und <code>HTTP_BIND=1.2.3.4</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="wichtig-fur-hetzner-firewalls">Wichtig fĂŒr Hetzner Firewalls<a class="headerlink" href="#wichtig-fur-hetzner-firewalls" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Ich zitiere <a href="https://github.com/chermsen">https://github.com/chermsen</a> ĂŒber <a href="https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/issues/497#issuecomment-469847380">https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/issues/497#issuecomment-469847380</a> (DANKE!):</p>
|
|
<p>FĂŒr alle, die mit der Hetzner-Firewall zu kĂ€mpfen haben:</p>
|
|
<p>Port 53 ist in diesem Fall fĂŒr die Firewall-Konfiguration unwichtig. Laut Dokumentation verwendet unbound den Portbereich 1024-65535 fĂŒr ausgehende Anfragen.
|
|
Da es sich bei der Hetzner Robot Firewall um eine statische Firewall handelt (jedes eingehende Paket wird isoliert geprĂŒft) - mĂŒssen die folgenden Regeln angewendet werden:</p>
|
|
<p><strong>FĂŒr TCP</strong>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>SRC-IP: ---
|
|
DST-IP: ---
|
|
SRC-Port: ---
|
|
DST-Port: 1024-65535
|
|
Protokoll: tcp
|
|
TCP-Flags: ack
|
|
Aktion: Akzeptieren
|
|
</code></pre></div></p>
|
|
<p><strong>FĂŒr UDP</strong>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>SRC-IP: ---
|
|
DST-IP: ---
|
|
SRC-Port: ---
|
|
DST-Port: 1024-65535
|
|
Protokoll: udp
|
|
Aktion: Akzeptieren
|
|
</code></pre></div></p>
|
|
<p>Wenn man einen restriktiveren Portbereich anwenden will, muss man zuerst die Konfiguration von unbound Àndern (nach der Installation):</p>
|
|
<p>{mailcow-dockerized}/data/conf/unbound/unbound.conf:
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>ausgehender-Port-vermeiden: 0-32767
|
|
</code></pre></div></p>
|
|
<p>Nun können die Firewall-Regeln wie folgt angepasst werden:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>[...]
|
|
DST Port: 32768-65535
|
|
[...]
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="datum-und-uhrzeit">Datum und Uhrzeit<a class="headerlink" href="#datum-und-uhrzeit" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Um sicherzustellen, dass Sie das richtige Datum und die richtige Zeit auf Ihrem System eingestellt haben, ĂŒberprĂŒfen Sie bitte die Ausgabe von <code>timedatectl status</code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$ timedatectl status
|
|
Lokale Zeit: Sat 2017-05-06 02:12:33 CEST
|
|
Weltzeit: Sa 2017-05-06 00:12:33 UTC
|
|
RTC-Zeit: Sa 2017-05-06 00:12:32
|
|
Zeitzone: Europa/Berlin (MESZ, +0200)
|
|
NTP aktiviert: ja
|
|
NTP synchronisiert: ja
|
|
RTC in lokaler TZ: nein
|
|
Sommerzeit aktiv: ja
|
|
Letzte DST-Ănderung: Sommerzeit begann am
|
|
Sonne 2017-03-26 01:59:59 MEZ
|
|
So 2017-03-26 03:00:00 MESZ
|
|
NĂ€chste SommerzeitĂ€nderung: Die Sommerzeit endet (die Uhr springt eine Stunde rĂŒckwĂ€rts) am
|
|
Sun 2017-10-29 02:59:59 MESZ
|
|
Sun 2017-10-29 02:00:00 MEZ
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Die Zeilen <code>NTP aktiviert: ja</code> und <code>NTP synchronisiert: ja</code> zeigen an, ob Sie NTP aktiviert haben und ob es synchronisiert ist.</p>
|
|
<p>Um NTP zu aktivieren, mĂŒssen Sie den Befehl <code>timedatectl set-ntp true</code> ausfĂŒhren. Sie mĂŒssen auch Ihre <code>/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf</code> bearbeiten:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># vim /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
|
|
[Zeit]
|
|
NTP=0.pool.ntp.org 1.pool.ntp.org 2.pool.ntp.org 3.pool.ntp.org
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="hetzner-cloud-und-wahrscheinlich-andere">Hetzner Cloud (und wahrscheinlich andere)<a class="headerlink" href="#hetzner-cloud-und-wahrscheinlich-andere" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>PrĂŒfen Sie <code>/etc/network/interfaces.d/50-cloud-init.cfg</code> und Ă€ndern Sie die IPv6-Schnittstelle von eth0:0 auf eth0:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># Falsch:
|
|
auto eth0:0
|
|
iface eth0:0 inet6 static
|
|
# Richtig:
|
|
auto eth0
|
|
iface eth0 inet6 statisch
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Starten Sie die Schnittstelle neu oder starten Sie sie neu.
|
|
Vielleicht möchten Sie <a href="https://wiki.hetzner.de/index.php/Cloud_IP_static/en#disable_cloud-init_network_changes">cloud-init NetzwerkÀnderungen deaktivieren.</a></p>
|
|
<h2 id="mtu">MTU<a class="headerlink" href="#mtu" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Besonders relevant fĂŒr OpenStack-Benutzer: ĂberprĂŒfen Sie Ihre MTU und setzen Sie sie entsprechend in docker-compose.yml. Siehe <strong>4.1</strong> in <a href="../../i_u_m/i_u_m_install/">unseren Installationsanleitungen</a>.</p>
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<hr>
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Letztes Update:
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<span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-iso_datetime">2022-02-14 16:28:02</span>
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