The easiest option would be to disable the listener on port 25/tcp.
Postfix users disable the listener by commenting the following line (starting with smtp or 25) in /etc/postfix/master.cf:
#smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
Furthermore, to relay over a dockerized mailcow, you may want to add 172.22.1.1 as relayhost and remove the Docker interface from "inet_interfaces":
postconf -e 'relayhost = 172.22.1.1'
postconf -e "mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128"
postconf -e "inet_interfaces = loopback-only"
postconf -e "relay_transport = relay"
postconf -e "default_transport = smtp"
Now it is important to not have the same FQDN in myhostname as you use for your dockerized mailcow. Check your local (non-Docker) Postfix' main.cf for myhostname and set it to something different, for example local.my.fqdn.tld.
"172.22.1.1" is the mailcow created network gateway in Docker. Relaying over this interface is necessary (instead of - for example - relaying directly over ${MAILCOW_HOSTNAME}) to relay over a known internal network.
Restart Postfix after applying your changes.