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< a href = "../../i_u_m/i_u_m_install/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Installation
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../i_u_m/i_u_m_update/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Update
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../i_u_m/i_u_m_migration/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Migration
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../i_u_m/i_u_m_deinstall/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Deinstallation
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< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4" id = "__nav_4_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Post Installation Tasks
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_4_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Post Installation Tasks
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-ssl/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Advanced SSL
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-disable_ipv6/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Disable IPv6
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-dmarc_reporting/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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DMARC Reporting
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-ip_bindings/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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IP bindings
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-local_mta/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Local MTA on Docker host
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-logging/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Logging
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-rp/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Reverse Proxy
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-rspamd_ui/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Rspamd UI
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-snat/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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SNAT
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../post_installation/firststeps-sync_jobs_migration/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Sync job migration
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_5" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_5" id = "__nav_5_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Models
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< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_5_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_5" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Models
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../models/model-acl/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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ACL
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../models/model-passwd/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Password hashing
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../models/model-sender_rcv/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Sender and receiver model
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_6" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_6" id = "__nav_6_label" tabindex = "0" >
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General Troubleshooting
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_6_label" aria-expanded = "true" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_6" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
General Troubleshooting
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../debug/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Introduction
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../debug-admin_login_sogo/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Admin login to SOGo
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../debug-rspamd_memory_leaks/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Advanced: Find memory leaks in Rspamd
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../debug-attach_service/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Attach to a Container
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type = "checkbox" id = "__toc" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for = "__toc" >
Common Problems
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< / label >
< a href = "./" class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" >
Common Problems
< / a >
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< nav class = "md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label = "Table of contents" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Table of contents
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-component = "toc" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#mail-loops-back-to-myself" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mail loops back to myself
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#i-can-receive-but-not-send-mails" class = "md-nav__link" >
I can receive but not send mails
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#my-mails-are-identified-as-spam" class = "md-nav__link" >
My mails are identified as Spam
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#docker-compose-throws-weird-errors" class = "md-nav__link" >
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docker compose throws weird errors
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#container-xy-is-unhealthy" class = "md-nav__link" >
Container XY is unhealthy
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#address-already-in-use" class = "md-nav__link" >
Address already in use
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#xyz-cant-connect-to" class = "md-nav__link" >
XYZ can't connect to ...
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#inotify-instance-limit-for-user-5000-uid-vmail-exceeded-see-453" class = "md-nav__link" >
Inotify instance limit for user 5000 (UID vmail) exceeded (see #453)
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#dovecot-keeps-restarting-see-2672" class = "md-nav__link" >
Dovecot keeps restarting (see #2672)
< / a >
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../debug-logs/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Logs
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../debug-mysql_upgrade/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Manual MySQL upgrade
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../debug-mysql_aria/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Recover crashed Aria storage engine
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../debug-rm_volumes/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Remove Persistent Data
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../debug-reset_pw/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Reset Passwords (incl. SQL)
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../debug-reset_tls/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Reset TLS certificates
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< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_7" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_7" id = "__nav_7_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Backup & Restore
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_7_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_7" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Backup & Restore
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_7_1" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_7_1" id = "__nav_7_1_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Component backup & restore
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_7_1_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_7_1" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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Component backup & restore
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../backup_restore/b_n_r-backup/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Backup
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../backup_restore/b_n_r-restore/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Restore
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../backup_restore/b_n_r-coldstandby/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Cold-standby (rolling backup)
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_7_3" >
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2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_7_3" id = "__nav_7_3_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Manual backups
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_7_3_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_7_3" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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Manual backups
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../backup_restore/b_n_r-backup_restore-maildir/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Maildir
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../backup_restore/b_n_r-backup_restore-mysql/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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MySQL (mysqldump)
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< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-08-16 12:41:17 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-08-16 12:41:17 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_7_4" >
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2023-01-08 16:57:17 +01:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_7_4" id = "__nav_7_4_label" tabindex = "0" >
2021-10-18 16:21:29 +02:00
mailcow-internal backups
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_7_4_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
2021-10-18 16:21:29 +02:00
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_7_4" >
2021-08-16 12:41:17 +02:00
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
2021-10-18 16:21:29 +02:00
mailcow-internal backups
2021-08-16 12:41:17 +02:00
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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2021-08-16 12:41:17 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../backup_restore/b_n_r-accidental_deletion/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Recover accidentally deleted data
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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2021-08-16 12:41:17 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8" >
2023-01-08 16:57:17 +01:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8" id = "__nav_8_label" tabindex = "0" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
Manual/Guides/Examples
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Manual/Guides/Examples
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8_1" >
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2023-01-08 16:57:17 +01:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8_1" id = "__nav_8_1_label" tabindex = "0" >
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mailcow UI
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_1_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8_1" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
mailcow UI
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-bl_wl/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Blacklist / Whitelist
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< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-05-28 11:12:28 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-config/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Configuration
2021-05-28 11:12:28 +02:00
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-05-28 11:12:28 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-05-28 11:12:28 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-css/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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CSS overrides
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< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2022-05-05 21:47:00 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-netfilter/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Netfilter
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-pushover/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Pushover
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamfilter/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Spamfilter
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-05-05 21:47:00 +02:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-sub_addressing/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Sub-addressing
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tags/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Tags (for Domains and Mailboxes)
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< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-spamalias/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-09-23 20:47:28 +02:00
Temporary email aliases
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< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-tfa/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Two-Factor Authentication
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/mailcow-UI/u_e-mailcow_ui-fido/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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WebAuthn / FIDO2
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8_2" >
2023-01-08 16:57:17 +01:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8_2" id = "__nav_8_2_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Postfix
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_2_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8_2" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Postfix
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-trust_networks/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
Add trusted networks
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< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-custom_transport/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
Custom transport maps
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< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-extra_cf/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Customize/Expand main.cf
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-disable_sender_verification/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Disable Sender Addresses Verification
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-attachment_size/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Max. message size (attachment size)
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-relayhost/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
Relayhosts
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-pflogsumm/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Statistics with pflogsumm
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Postfix/u_e-postfix-postscreen_whitelist/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
Whitelist IP in Postscreen
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-09-08 11:41:26 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8_3" >
2023-01-08 16:57:17 +01:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8_3" id = "__nav_8_3_label" tabindex = "0" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
Unbound
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_3_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8_3" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Unbound
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Unbound/u_e-unbound-fwd/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Using an external DNS service
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8_4" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-08 16:57:17 +01:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8_4" id = "__nav_8_4_label" tabindex = "0" >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
Dovecot
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_4_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8_4" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Dovecot
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-extra_conf/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-09-23 20:47:28 +02:00
Customize/Expand dovecot.conf
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-any_acl/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-09-23 20:47:28 +02:00
Enable "any" ACL settings
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-expunge/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-09-23 20:47:28 +02:00
Expunge a Users mails
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-02-04 14:27:16 +01:00
< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-fts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
FTS (Solr)
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-idle_interval/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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IMAP IDLE interval
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-mail-crypt/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Mail crypt
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-more/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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More Examples with DOVEADM
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-vmail-volume/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Move Maildir (vmail)
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-public_folder/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Public folders
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-static_master/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Static master user
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Dovecot/u_e-dovecot-catchall_vacation/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Vacation replies for catchall addresses
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8_5" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8_5" id = "__nav_8_5_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Nginx
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_5_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8_5" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Nginx
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_webmail-site/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Create subdomain webmail.example.org
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Nginx/u_e-nginx_custom/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Custom sites
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< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8_6" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8_6" id = "__nav_8_6_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Watchdog
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_6_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8_6" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Watchdog
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Watchdog/u_e-watchdog-thresholds/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Thresholds
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Redis/u_e-redis/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Redis
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Rspamd/u_e-rspamd/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Rspamd
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8_9" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8_9" id = "__nav_8_9_label" tabindex = "0" >
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ClamAV
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_9_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8_9" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
ClamAV
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../manual-guides/ClamAV/u_e-clamav-whitelist/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Whitelist
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../manual-guides/ClamAV/u_e-clamav-additional_dbs/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Additional Databases
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/SOGo/u_e-sogo/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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SOGo
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8_11" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8_11" id = "__nav_8_11_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Docker
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_11_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8_11" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Docker
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/Docker/u_e-docker-cust_dockerfiles/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Customize Dockerfiles
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/u_e-why_unbound/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Why unbound?
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/u_e-autodiscover_config/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Autodiscover / Autoconfig
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/u_e-80_to_443/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/u_e-reeanble-weak-protocols/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Re-enable TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../manual-guides/u_e-update-hooks/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Run scripts before and after updates
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_9" >
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2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_9" id = "__nav_9_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Client Configuration
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_9_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_9" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Client Configuration
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Overview
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client-android/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Android
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client-apple/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Apple macOS / iOS
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client-emclient/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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eM Client
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client-kontact/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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KDE Kontact
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client-outlook/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Microsoft Outlook
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client-thunderbird/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Mozilla Thunderbird
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client-windows/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Windows Mail
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../client/client-manual/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Manual configuration
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_10" >
2023-01-08 16:57:17 +01:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2023-01-28 17:53:25 +01:00
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_10" id = "__nav_10_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Third party apps
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_10_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_10" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Third party apps
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-04-25 09:08:57 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../third_party/borgmatic/third_party-borgmatic/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-25 09:08:57 +02:00
Borgmatic Backup
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-25 09:08:57 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-25 09:08:57 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../third_party/checkmk/u_e-checkmk/" class = "md-nav__link" >
CheckMK
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../third_party/exchange_onprem/third_party-exchange_onprem/" class = "md-nav__link" >
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
Exchange Hybrid Setup
< / a >
< / li >
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-07-17 17:02:21 +02:00
< a href = "../../third_party/gitea/third_party-gitea/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Gitea
< / a >
< / li >
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2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
2021-09-23 20:30:54 +02:00
2021-04-01 12:20:45 +02:00
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
2022-07-17 17:02:21 +02:00
< a href = "../../third_party/gogs/third_party-gogs/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Gogs
< / a >
< / li >
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Mailman 3
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Mailpiler Integration
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Nextcloud
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Portainer
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Roundcube
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Table of contents
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#mail-loops-back-to-myself" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mail loops back to myself
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#i-can-receive-but-not-send-mails" class = "md-nav__link" >
I can receive but not send mails
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#my-mails-are-identified-as-spam" class = "md-nav__link" >
My mails are identified as Spam
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#docker-compose-throws-weird-errors" class = "md-nav__link" >
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docker compose throws weird errors
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#container-xy-is-unhealthy" class = "md-nav__link" >
Container XY is unhealthy
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#address-already-in-use" class = "md-nav__link" >
Address already in use
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#xyz-cant-connect-to" class = "md-nav__link" >
XYZ can't connect to ...
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#inotify-instance-limit-for-user-5000-uid-vmail-exceeded-see-453" class = "md-nav__link" >
Inotify instance limit for user 5000 (UID vmail) exceeded (see #453)
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< a href = "#dovecot-keeps-restarting-see-2672" class = "md-nav__link" >
Dovecot keeps restarting (see #2672)
< / a >
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< / li >
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< div class = "md-content" data-md-component = "content" >
< article class = "md-content__inner md-typeset" >
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< h1 > Common Problems< / h1 >
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< p > Here we list common problems and possible solutions:< / p >
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< h2 id = "mail-loops-back-to-myself" > Mail loops back to myself< a class = "headerlink" href = "#mail-loops-back-to-myself" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > Please check in your mailcow UI if you made the domain a < strong > backup MX< / strong > :< / p >
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< p > < img alt = "Check your MX Backup settings" src = "../../assets/images/troubleshooting/mailcow-backupmx.png" / > < / p >
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< h2 id = "i-can-receive-but-not-send-mails" > I can receive but not send mails< a class = "headerlink" href = "#i-can-receive-but-not-send-mails" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > There are a lot of things that could prevent you from sending mail:< / p >
< ul >
< li > Check if your IP address is on any blacklists. You could use < a href = "http://www.dnsbl.info/" > dnsbl.info< / a > or any other similar service to check for your IP address.< / li >
< li > There are some consumer ISP routers out there, that block mail ports for non whitelisted domains. Please check if you can reach your server on the ports < code > 465< / code > or < code > 587< / code > :< / li >
< / ul >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > # telnet 74.125.133.27 465
Trying 74.125.133.27...
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Connected to 74.125.133.27.
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Escape character is ' ^]' .
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< h2 id = "my-mails-are-identified-as-spam" > My mails are identified as Spam< a class = "headerlink" href = "#my-mails-are-identified-as-spam" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > Please read our guide on < a href = "../../prerequisite/prerequisite-dns/" > DNS configuration< / a > .< / p >
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< h2 id = "docker-compose-throws-weird-errors" > docker compose throws weird errors< a class = "headerlink" href = "#docker-compose-throws-weird-errors" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > ... like:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > ERROR: Invalid interpolation format ...< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'keys'< / code > .< / li >
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< li > < code > ERROR: In file './docker-compose.yml' service 'version' doesn't have any configuration options< / code > .< / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > When you encounter one or similar messages while trying to run mailcow: dockerized please check if you have the < strong > latest< / strong > version of < strong > Docker< / strong > and < strong > docker compose< / strong > < / p >
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< h2 id = "container-xy-is-unhealthy" > Container XY is unhealthy< a class = "headerlink" href = "#container-xy-is-unhealthy" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > This error tries to tell you that one of the (health) conditions for a certain container are not met. Therefore it can't be started. This can have several reasons, the most common one is an updated git clone but old docker image or vice versa.< / p >
< p > A wrong configured firewall could also cause such a failure. The containers need to be able to talk to each other over the network 172.22.1.1/24.< / p >
< p > It might also be wrongly linked file (i.e. SSL certificate) that prevents a crucial container (nginx) from starting, so always check your logs to get an idea where your problem is coming from.< / p >
< h2 id = "address-already-in-use" > Address already in use< a class = "headerlink" href = "#address-already-in-use" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > If you get an error message like:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > ERROR: for postfix-mailcow Cannot start service postfix-mailcow: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint mailcowdockerized_postfix-mailcow_1: Error starting userland proxy: listen tcp 0.0.0.0:25: bind: address already in use
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > while trying to start / install mailcow: dockerized, make sure you've followed our section on the < a href = "../prerequisite/prerequisite-system.en.md/#firewall-ports" > prerequisites< / a > .< / p >
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< h2 id = "xyz-cant-connect-to" > XYZ can't connect to ...< a class = "headerlink" href = "#xyz-cant-connect-to" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > Please check your local firewall!
Docker and iptables-based firewalls sometimes create conflicting rules, so disable the firewall on your host to determine whether your connection issues are caused by such conflicts. If they are, you need to manually create appropriate rules in your host firewall to permit the necessary connections.< / p >
< p > If you experience connection problems from home, please check your ISP router's firewall too, some of them block mail traffic on the < em > SMTP< / em > (587) or < em > SMTPS< / em > (465) ports. It could also be, that your ISP is blocking the ports for < em > SUBMISSION< / em > (25).< / p >
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< p > While Linux users can chose from a variety of tools< sup id = "fnref:1" > < a class = "footnote-ref" href = "#fn:1" > 1< / a > < / sup > to check if a port is open, the Windows user has only the PowerShell command < code > Test-NetConnection -ComputerName host -Port port< / code > available by default.< / p >
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< p > To enable telnet on a Windows after Vista please check this < a href = "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/910.windows-7-enabling-telnet-client.aspx" > guide< / a > or enter the following command in an terminal < strong > with administrator privileges< / strong > :< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > dism /online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:TelnetClient
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< h2 id = "inotify-instance-limit-for-user-5000-uid-vmail-exceeded-see-453" > Inotify instance limit for user 5000 (UID vmail) exceeded (< a href = "https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/issues/453#issuecomment-314711232" > see #453< / a > )< a class = "headerlink" href = "#inotify-instance-limit-for-user-5000-uid-vmail-exceeded-see-453" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > Docker containers use the Docker hosts inotify limits. Setting them on your Docker host will pass them to the container.< / p >
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< h2 id = "dovecot-keeps-restarting-see-2672" > Dovecot keeps restarting (see < a href = "https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/issues/2672" > #2672< / a > )< a class = "headerlink" href = "#dovecot-keeps-restarting-see-2672" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > Check that you have at least the following files in < code > data/assets/ssl< / code > :< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > cert.pem
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dhparams.pem
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key.pem
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< p > If < code > dhparams.pem< / code > is missing, you can generate it with< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > openssl< span class = "w" > < / span > dhparam< span class = "w" > < / span > -out< span class = "w" > < / span > data/assets/ssl/dhparams.pem< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 4096< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< div class = "footnote" >
< hr / >
< ol >
< li id = "fn:1" >
< p > < a href = "https://linux.die.net/man/1/nc" > netcat< / a > , < a href = "https://linux.die.net/man/1/nmap" > nmap< / a > , < a href = "https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Manual:S_client(1)" > openssl< / a > , < a href = "https://linux.die.net/man/1/telnet" > telnet< / a > , etc.  < a class = "footnote-backref" href = "#fnref:1" title = "Jump back to footnote 1 in the text" > ↩ < / a > < / p >
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