mailcow-dockerized-docs/docs/prerequisite/prerequisite-system.en.md

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Before you run **mailcow: dockerized**, there are a few requirements that you should check:
!!! warning
Do **not** try to install mailcow on a Synology/QNAP device (any NAS), OpenVZ, LXC or other container platforms. KVM, ESX, Hyper-V and other full virtualization platforms are supported.
!!! info
- mailcow: dockerized requires [some ports](#default-ports) to be open for incoming connections, so make sure that your firewall is not blocking these.
- Make sure that no other application is interfering with mailcow's configuration, such as another mail service
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- A correct DNS setup is crucial to every good mailserver setup, so please make sure you got at least the [basics](../prerequisite/prerequisite-dns.en.md#the-minimal-dns-configuration) covered before you begin!
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- Make sure that your system has a correct date and [time setup](#date-and-time). This is crucial for various components like two factor TOTP authentication.
## Minimum System Resources
!!! failure "Not supported"
**OpenVZ, Virtuozzo and LXC**
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Please make sure that your system has at least the following resources:
| Resource | mailcow: dockerized |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| CPU | 1 GHz |
| RAM | **Minimum** 6 GiB + 1 GiB swap (default config) |
| Disk | 20 GiB (without emails) |
| System Type | x86_64 |
ClamAV and Solr can be greedy with RAM. You may disable them in `mailcow.conf` by settings `SKIP_CLAMD=y` and `SKIP_SOLR=y`.
!!! info
We are aware that a pure MTA can run on 128 MiB RAM. mailcow is a full-grown and ready-to-use groupware with many extras making life easier. mailcow comes with a webserver, webmailer, ActiveSync (MS), antivirus, antispam, indexing (Solr), document scanner (Oletools), SQL (MariaDB), Cache (Redis), MDA, MTA, various web services etc.
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A single SOGo worker **can** acquire ~350 MiB RAM before it gets purged. The more ActiveSync connections you plan to use, the more RAM you will need. A default configuration spawns 20 workers.
#### RAM usage examples
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A company with 15 phones (EAS enabled) and about 50 concurrent IMAP connections should plan 16 GiB RAM.
6 GiB RAM + 1 GiB swap are fine for most private installations while 8 GiB RAM are recommended for ~5 to 10 users.
We can help to correctly plan your setup as part of our support.
### Supported OS
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Basically, mailcow can be used on any distribution that is supported by Docker CE (see https://docs.docker.com/install/).
However, in some cases there may be incompatibilities between the operating systems and the mailcow components.
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The following table contains all operating systems officially supported and tested by us (*as of June 2023*):
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| OS | Compatibility |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
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| Alpine 3.17+ and older | [⚠️](https://www.alpinelinux.org/ "Limited Compatibility") |
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| Centos 7 | [âś…](https://www.centos.org/ "Fully Compatible") |
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| Debian 10, 11, 12 | [âś…](https://www.debian.org/index.html "Fully Compatible") |
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| Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04 | [âś…](https://ubuntu.com/ "Fully Compatible")|
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| Alma Linux 8 | [âś…](https://almalinux.org/ "Fully Compatible") |
| Rocky Linux 9 | [âś…](https://rockylinux.org/ "Fully Compatible") |
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!!! info "Legend"
âś… = Works **out of the box** using the instructions.<br>
⚠️ = Requires some **manual adjustments** otherwise usable.<br>
❌ = In general **NOT Compatible**.<br>
âť” = Pending.
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!!! warning
**Note: All other operating systems (not mentioned) may also work, but have not been officially tested.**
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## Firewall & Ports
Please check if any of mailcow's standard ports are open and not in use by other applications:
```
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ss -tlpn | grep -E -w '25|80|110|143|443|465|587|993|995|4190'
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# or:
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netstat -tulpn | grep -E -w '25|80|110|143|443|465|587|993|995|4190'
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```
!!! danger
There are several problems with running mailcow on a firewalld/ufw enabled system. <br>
You should disable it (if possible) and move your ruleset to the DOCKER-USER chain, which is not cleared by a Docker service restart, instead. <br>
See [this (blog.donnex.net)](https://blog.donnex.net/docker-and-iptables-filtering/) or [this (unrouted.io)](https://unrouted.io/2017/08/15/docker-firewall/) guide for information about how to use iptables-persistent with the DOCKER-USER chain.<br>
As mailcow runs dockerized, INPUT rules have no effect on restricting access to mailcow. <br>
Use the FORWARD chain instead.<br>
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If this command returns any results please remove or stop the application running on that port. You may also adjust mailcows ports via the `mailcow.conf` configuration file.
### Default Ports
If you have a firewall in front of mailcow, please make sure that these ports are open for incoming connections:
| Service | Protocol | Port | Container | Variable |
| --------------------|:--------:|:-------|:------------------|----------------------------------|
| Postfix SMTP | TCP | 25 | postfix-mailcow | `${SMTP_PORT}` |
| Postfix SMTPS | TCP | 465 | postfix-mailcow | `${SMTPS_PORT}` |
| Postfix Submission | TCP | 587 | postfix-mailcow | `${SUBMISSION_PORT}` |
| Dovecot IMAP | TCP | 143 | dovecot-mailcow | `${IMAP_PORT}` |
| Dovecot IMAPS | TCP | 993 | dovecot-mailcow | `${IMAPS_PORT}` |
| Dovecot POP3 | TCP | 110 | dovecot-mailcow | `${POP_PORT}` |
| Dovecot POP3S | TCP | 995 | dovecot-mailcow | `${POPS_PORT}` |
| Dovecot ManageSieve | TCP | 4190 | dovecot-mailcow | `${SIEVE_PORT}` |
| HTTP(S) | TCP | 80/443 | nginx-mailcow | `${HTTP_PORT}` / `${HTTPS_PORT}` |
To bind a service to an IP address, you can prepend the IP like this: `SMTP_PORT=1.2.3.4:25`
**Important**: You cannot use IP:PORT bindings in HTTP_PORT and HTTPS_PORT. Please use `HTTP_PORT=1234` and `HTTP_BIND=1.2.3.4` instead.
### Important for Hetzner firewalls
Quoting https://github.com/chermsen via https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized/issues/497#issuecomment-469847380 (THANK YOU!):
For all who are struggling with the Hetzner firewall:
Port 53 unimportant for the firewall configuration in this case. According to the documentation unbound uses the port range 1024-65535 for outgoing requests.
Since the Hetzner Robot Firewall is a static firewall (each incoming packet is checked isolated) - the following rules must be applied:
**For TCP**
```
SRC-IP: ---
DST IP: ---
SRC Port: ---
DST Port: 1024-65535
Protocol: tcp
TCP flags: ack
Action: Accept
```
**For UDP**
```
SRC-IP: ---
DST IP: ---
SRC Port: ---
DST Port: 1024-65535
Protocol: udp
Action: Accept
```
If you want to apply a more restrictive port range you have to change the config of unbound first (after installation):
{mailcow-dockerized}/data/conf/unbound/unbound.conf:
```
outgoing-port-avoid: 0-32767
```
Now the firewall rules can be adjusted as follows:
```
[...]
DST Port: 32768-65535
[...]
```
## Date and Time
To ensure that you have the correct date and time setup on your system, please check the output of `timedatectl status`:
```
$ timedatectl status
Local time: Sat 2017-05-06 02:12:33 CEST
Universal time: Sat 2017-05-06 00:12:33 UTC
RTC time: Sat 2017-05-06 00:12:32
Time zone: Europe/Berlin (CEST, +0200)
NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: yes
RTC in local TZ: no
DST active: yes
Last DST change: DST began at
Sun 2017-03-26 01:59:59 CET
Sun 2017-03-26 03:00:00 CEST
Next DST change: DST ends (the clock jumps one hour backwards) at
Sun 2017-10-29 02:59:59 CEST
Sun 2017-10-29 02:00:00 CET
```
The lines `NTP enabled: yes` and `NTP synchronized: yes` indicate whether you have NTP enabled and if it's synchronized.
To enable NTP you need to run the command `timedatectl set-ntp true`. You also need to edit your `/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf`:
```
# vim /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
[Time]
NTP=0.pool.ntp.org 1.pool.ntp.org 2.pool.ntp.org 3.pool.ntp.org
```
## Hetzner Cloud (and probably others)
Check `/etc/network/interfaces.d/50-cloud-init.cfg` and change the IPv6 interface from eth0:0 to eth0:
```
# Wrong:
auto eth0:0
iface eth0:0 inet6 static
# Right:
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet6 static
```
Reboot or restart the interface.
You may want to [disable cloud-init network changes.](https://wiki.hetzner.de/index.php/Cloud_IP_static/en#disable_cloud-init_network_changes)
## MTU
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Especially relevant for OpenStack users: Check your MTU and set it accordingly in docker-compose.yml. See [Troubleshooting](../i_u_m/i_u_m_install.md#users-with-a-mtu-not-equal-to-1500-eg-openstack) in our Installation guide.